NOVEMBER   1st 1846 87 pioneers were trapped by early snows in the Sierra Nevada that piled up to 5 feet deep with 30 to 40 foot drifts. Only 47 survivors lived to tell of the 'Donner Pass Tragedy'. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1848 When Henry came to the Smithsonian, one of his first priorities was to set up a meteorological program. In 1847, while outlining his plan for the new institution, Henry called for "a system of extended meteorological observations for solving the problem of American storms." By 1849, he had budgeted $1,000 for the Smithsonian meteorological project and established a network of some 150 volunteer weather observers. A decade later, the project had more than 600 volunteer observers, including people in Canada, Mexico, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Its cost in 1860 was $4,400, or thirty percent of the Smithsonian's research and publication budget. (Ref. Letter of Joseph Henry for the Smithsonian to Establish Meteorological Observations) (Ref. Joseph Henry- Father of the Weather Service) (Ref. Joseph Henry Picture) 1861 A hurricane near Cape Hatteras NC battered a Union fleet of ships attacking Carolina ports, and produced high tides and high winds in New York State and New England. (Ref. David Ludlum ) Storm Track of 1861 Hurricane - Weather Underground 1870 United States Army Signal Corps observers at 24 sites around the country simultaneously made weather reports and transmitted them to Washington where a national weather map would be drawn. This started the process of sending out weather reports by telegraph to metropolitan newspapers. This would be the beginning of our present day National Weather Service. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1889 The infamous "White Winter" began with unusually cold temperatures and tremendous snows in parts of Nevada from November 1889 - March 1890, devastating the state's cattle industry. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1950 The highest temperature ever recorded in Richmond, VA in November was 86 °F that occurred on three dates. Two of these dates on November 1st in 1950 and 1974. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC ) Strong high pressure across the southeast ridged from the southern Plains to the Great Lakes and East Coast bringing record highs. Locations reporting all-time November record highs included: Baltimore, MD: 86°, Philadelphia, PA: 84°, New York (Central Park), NY: 84°, Allentown, PA: 81°. Other daily record highs included: Richmond, VA: 86°, Charleston, SC: 85°, Norfolk, VA: 85°, Washington, DC: 85°, Wilmington, DE: 85°, Charlotte, NC: 84°, Asheville, NC: 83°, Lynchburg, VA: 83°, Roanoke, VA: 83°, Chicago, IL: 81°, Atlanta, GA: 81°, Pittsburgh, PA: 80°, Dayton, OH: 79°, Bristol, TN: 79°, -Tied, Elkins, WV: 77°-Tied, Buffalo, NY: 76°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1966 Santa Anna winds fanned fires, and brought record November heat to parts of coastal California. November records included 86 degrees at San Francisco, 97 degrees at San Diego, and 101 degrees at the International airport in Los Angeles. Fires claimed the lives of at least sixteen firefighters. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1968 A tornado touched down west of Winslow, AZ, but did little damage in an uninhabited area. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1974 The highest temperature ever recorded in Richmond, VA in November was 86 °F that occurred on three dates. Two of these dates on November 1st in 1974 and 1950. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC ) 1982 This date began a five day heat wave across much of the east as high pressure anchored off the Carolina coast bringing a south to southwesterly flow. Record highs for the date included: Corpus Christi, TX: 88°-Tied, Meridian, MS: 86°, Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 84°, Huntsville, AL: 83°-Tied, Cincinnati, OH: 80°, Wallops Island, VA: 79°, New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 77°, Milton, MA: 74°-Tied and Worcester, MA: 72°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 Juan gives DC area a few showers, the last of 5 storms that affect Washington, DC in 1985. (Ref. Washington Weather Records DCA) 1987 Early morning thunderstorms in central Arizona produced hail an inch in diameter at Williams and Gila Bend, and drenched Payson with 1.86 inches of rain. Hannagan Meadows, AZ, meanwhile, was blanketed with three inches of snow. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the Ohio Valley. Afternoon highs of 76 degrees at Beckley, WV, 77 degrees at Bluefield, WV, and 83 degrees at Lexington KY were records for the month of November. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Low pressure brought gales and locally heavy rain to the northeastern U.S. The rainfall total of 1.46 inches at Newark NJ was a record for the date. New York City was soaked with more than two inches of rain. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 A strong cold front ushered snow and arctic air into the north central U.S. Snow whitened North Dakota and the Central High Plains Region. Up to five inches of snow blanketed Denver, CO. Yellowstone Park, WY was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of 4 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991 The great ocean storm that had battered the East Coast of the U.S. for the past 2 days underwent a remarkable transformation. Convection grew and wrapped tightly around the center and on satellite imagery an eye formed. An Air Force reckon plane found a rather small but intense circulation near 39.5N/66.5W with a central pressure of 981 millibars or 28.97 inches mercury and sustained winds of 75 mph. Just a couple of days before, the large extratropical cyclone which contained former Hurricane Grace created havoc along the east coast. This type of evolution from a large extratropical low pressure to a small hurricane is rare but not unprecedented. The storm was never named, but it was the basis for the book and movie “The Perfect Storm”. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1993 A series of low pressure areas associated with the deep upper level trough which had been responsible for the record cold across the southern and central U.S. Over the past few days dumped big early season snows over the Ohio Valley and the Northeast. 3-day totals included 19.5 inches at Ellenburg Depot, NY, 19 inches at Mount Mansfield, VT and Sabinsville, PA, and 18.5 inches at Stillwater Reservoir, NY. The 10.3 inches that fell at Mansfield, OH and 9 inches at Burlington, VT were the greatest snowfalls ever for so early in the season. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1997 Super Typhoon Keith became one of the most intense typhoons ever recorded in the western Pacific east of Guam. Satellite estimates gave Keith a T8.0 on the Dvorak scale, the highest the scale goes, which translates to sustained surface winds of at least 185 mph and a central pressure in the 870-875 millibar range or 25.69 to 25.84 inches mercury. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2000 As road crews cleared snow from highways in western North Dakota, at least 3 tornadoes touched down 125 miles away in Bismarck, ND. The F1 twisters struck without warning in the early afternoon damaging 42 homes. Tornado watches and winter storm warnings were in effect for some locations in the Dakotas at the same time on this unusual weather day. 31.9 inches of snow fell at Lead, SD to establish a new 1-day snowfall record for November. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) On this date through the 2nd, heavy and persistent rains across the eastern half or the windward side of the "Big Island" of Hawaii dumped 27.24 inches of rain at the Hilo Airport in 24-hours, breaking the previous 24-hour rainfall record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2002 October 29 to November 4th - - Frigid temperatures followed the passage of an arctic cold front across WA on October 29th. Approximately 3.9 million bushels of apples killed by the cold in Yakima Valley (lows to 4 degrees); loss to farmers was $65 million. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 2012 How Con Ed turned New York City's lights back on after Hurricane Sandy -- Very interesting story by Stephen Gandel, senior editor finance.fortune.cnn.com November 12, 2012: 1:56 PM ET How Con Ed turned New York City's Lights Back On (Ref. http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2012/11/12/con-ed-hurricane-sandy-2) 2014 Interstate 40 has reopened along the Tennessee-North Carolina state line after being closed due to weather conditions earlier today. 22 inches of snow have been recorded at Mount LeConte, 15 at Newfound Gap and 12 in Hartford,TN in an early season snowstorm. A hiker has been seriously injured by a falling tree in the Greenbrier area of the Great Smoky Mountain National Park as a winter storm dumped heavy snow in the mountains. The park service said it would take some time to evacuate the "seriously injured" hiker due to weather conditions. (Ref.News Sentinel staff 7:23 AM, Nov 1, 2014)

NOVEMBER   2ND 1743 Benjamin Franklin's "eclipse hurricane" unlocked the key to storm movement. Ben Franklin, at Philadelphia, PA was prevented from viewing a lunar eclipse in a northeast rainstorm, but his brother, who was in Boston, saw it, though the rain began an hour later. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1810 An early season winter storm produced 7 inches of snow in New York City. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1861 The Federal Expedition, the largest fleet of American warships assembled up to that time, sailed from MD to attack Confederate installations in SC. Upon rounding the North Carolina Capes it ran into a hurricane that sank two of the ships. The fleet otherwise survived and five days later captured Port Royal Sound, SC. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1929 Boston, Massachusetts had a high minimum temperature of 63 °F the warmest low temperature for November. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1946 A heavy wet snow began to cover the Southern Rockies. Up to three feet of snow blanketed the mountains of New Mexico, and a 31-inch snow at Denver, CO caused roofs to collapse. (Ref. David Ludlum ) 1950 High pressure off the East Coast brought another day of record warmth from the Mid-Atlantic States into New England. November all-time state heat records established today: NC (90 degrees in Greenville and Oxford; NY (87 in Elmira); NH (84 in Windham); RI (82 in Greenville; and VT (81 in Bellows Falls). Many locations recorded record highs for the month of November including: Boston, MA: 83°, Hartford, CT: 83°, New York (LaGuardia Airport), NY: 83°-Tied, Providence, RI: 81°, Wilmington, DE: 81°, Atlantic City, NJ: 81°, Philadelphia, PA: 81°, Allentown, PA: 80°, Harrisburg, PA: 79° and others. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) Boston, Massachusetts had a high temperature of 83 °F the warmest temperature for November. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1951 A large ridge of Canadian high pressure pushed a cold front into the southeast states southwest into northern Mexico bringing an early taste of winter. More than 50 record lows were set in the North, Central and southern Mid-West States. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1961 A large ridge of high pressure brought record autumn heat from the Great Lakes into the Southeast. Locations recording their all-time record high for November included: Augusta, GA: 90°, Columbia, SC: 90° and Atlanta, GA: 84°. Other record highs for the date included: Tampa, FL: 88°, Macon, GA: 88°, Savannah, GA: 88°, Charleston, SC: 87°, Charlotte, NC: 85°, Little Rock, AR: 83°, Louisville, KY: 81°, Cincinnati, OH: 80°, St. Louis, MO: 80°, Springfield, IL: 80°, Chicago, IL: 77°, Columbus, OH: 77° and others. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) The temperature at Atlanta GA reached 84 degrees to establish a record for November. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1966 A storm brought 18 inches of snow to Celia KY in 24 hours. It tied the state 24-hour snowfall record first established at Bowling Green. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1971 The maximum today was 85° in Washington, DC warmest ever so late in season. (Ref. Washington Weather Records) Also on this date Richmond, Virginia had its latest minimum of 70 °F or higher (latest warm night in the year) with a minimum temperature of only 70 °F. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) A ridge along the east coast with upper level high pressure off the Florida coast brought record heat from parts of southern New England to the south. Locations recording their highest November temperature included: Mobile, AL: 87°-Tied and Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 84°-Tied. Other locations reporting record highs for the date included: Washington, DC: 85°, Tupelo, MS: 85°, Richmond, VA: 84°-Tied, Lynchburg, VA: 82°, Roanoke, VA: 82°, -Tied, Asheville, NC: 80°, Bristol, TN: 80°-Tied, Greensboro, NC: 80°-Tied, Cape Hatteras, NC: 78°-Tied, Syracuse, NY: 76°, and New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 73° and others. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1974 Southeast Kansas--Lightning struck and killed a man in a duck blind near Lowell about 10 a.m. (Ref. Lightning-The Underrated Killer.pdf) 1976 A lady is shocked while talking on the phone when a lightning strike hits a telephone pole nearby. The strange thing is that it occurred during a snowstorm. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1982 High pressure off the Delmarva Peninsula brought the Mississippi & Ohio Valley to the East Coast record high temperatures for the date including Meridian, MS: 86°, Williamsport, PA: 81°, Avoca, PA: 80°, Jackson, KY: 79°, Erie, PA: 78°, Youngstown, OH: 78°-Tied, Binghamton, NY: 77°, Columbus, OH: 77°-Tied and Syracuse, NY: 76°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 A dozen cities, mostly in the Ohio Valley, reported record high temperatures for the date. Record highs included 83 degrees at Paducah KY and 84 degrees at Memphis TN. Temperatures reached 70 degrees as far north as southern Lower Michigan. Showers and thundershowers over southern Florida, associated with a tropical depression, produced 4.77 inches of rain at Tavernier, located in the Upper Florida Keys. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 A very intense low pressure system brought heavy rain, snow, and high winds, to parts of the northeastern U.S. Portland ME established a record for November with 4.52 inches of rain in 24 hours, and winds along the coast of Maine gusted to 74 mph at Southwest Harbor. Heavy snow blanketed parts of northern Vermont and upstate New York, with 15 inches reported at Spruce Hill, NY. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Squalls in the Upper Great Lakes Region the first three days of the month buried Ironwood MI under 46 inches of snow, and produced 40 inches at Hurley WI. Arctic cold invaded the Southern Plains Region. Midland, TX reported a record low of 22 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991 Strong low pressure of 988 millibars or 29.18 inches mercury north of Lake Superior combined with high pressure over southern Canada brought record winter-like cold from parts of the Rockies into the Plains. Kimball, NE matched their record earliest below zero with -2°. Other daily record lows included: Alamosa, CO: -21°, Great Falls, MT: -16°, Casper, WY: -14°, Helena, MT: -13°, Lander, WY: -12°, Pueblo, CO: -10°, Cheyenne, WY: -7°, Scottsbluff, NE: -4°, Billings, MT: -2°, Sheridan, WY: -2°-Tied, Valentine, NE: -2°, North Platte, NE: 1°, Missoula, MT: 0°, Grand Island, NE: 4°, Dodge City, KS: 4°, Norfolk, NE: 5°, Concordia, KS: 8°, Lincoln, NE: 9°, Omaha, NE: 9°, Amarillo, TX: 10°, Kansas City, MO: 12°, Topeka, KS: 14°-Tied, Wichita, KS: 14°-Tied, Oklahoma City, OK: 19°, Lubbock, TX: 19°-Tied, Abilene, TX: 25°, Dallas (DFW), TX: 28° and Houston, TX: 34°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1992 Another infamous November Great Lakes Storm brought near-hurricane conditions to Minnesota's Lake Superior shoreline. 70 mph winds caused waves to crash over 130 foot walls along the shore. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2000 Hilo, Hawaii on November 1st and 2nd : Heavy and persistent rains across the eastern half (windward side) of the "Big Island" of Hawaii drop 27.24 inches of rain at the Hilo Airport in a 24-hour period, breaking the previous 24-hour rainfall record. The previous record was 22.30 inches set on February 19-20, 1979. (Ref. WxDoctor) 37 inches of rain fell at Kapapala Ranch on the big island of Hawaii. 22.25 inches of it occurred in just 6 hours. This just missed breaking the all-time 24-hour rainfall record for the state of 38 inches at Kilauea Sugar Plantation on Kauai in January 1956. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

NOVEMBER   3RD 1890 The temperature at Los Angeles, CA reached 96 degrees, a November record for 76 years. (Ref. David Ludlum ) 1922 A northwesterly gale spawned huge waves that caused severe damage along the northern coast around Cape Breton, Nova Scotia Canada. Winds exceed 80 mph during the storm. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1927 Somerset VT was deluged with 8.77 inches of rain to establish a 24-hour record for the state. (3rd-4th) (Ref. Weather Channel ) A tropical storm formed south of Cuba, crossed the Bahamas then became an extra-tropical cyclone southeast of North Carolina. The remnants accelerated northward, passing the Mid Atlantic states and moving into New England. Heavy rains accompanied the storm. As the system raced through New England, Portland, ME, measured a wind gust to 70 mph. As much as 15 inches of rain fell during a 2-day period over western New England resulting in devastating flooding in the Winooski Valley. 8 to 10 feet of water was standing in downtown Montpelier, VT. The "Great Vermont Flood" resulted in 200 deaths in New England, including 84 in Vermont. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1946 Denver, Colorado: Snowstorm deposits 30.4 inches of white on the Mile-High City. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1956 (1st-3rd) Eastern CO thunderstorms turned into a blizzard by night (1st); drifts to 12 feet high. 16 head of cattle were driven by winds against a fence where they were apparently killed by lightning. Another 33 head drowned when forced into a river by the storm. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1961 A rare November thunderstorm produced snow at Casper, WY. (3rd-4th) (Ref. Weather Channel ) Atlanta, Georgia: The temperature at Atlanta soars to 84°F establishing a record for November. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1964 Up to 5.4 inches of rain was measured in Mountain View, OK. This rain fell within a three hour and fifteen minute period. Farm ponds in the area were filled to capacity for the first time in 35 months, and 23 country road bridges, as well as cotton crops, were ruined in nearby Kiowa County. This was all part of a 3 day flood event. By the end of the event, Mountain View had measured an astounding 7.2 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1966 An early season snowfall, which started on the 2nd, whitened the ground from Alabama to Michigan. Mobile, AL had their earliest snowflakes on record. Louisville, KY measured 13.1 inches, Nashville, TN checked in with 7.2 inches and Huntsville, AL had 4 inches of snow. 6 to 12 inches of snow fell across southwest lower Michigan while parts of Kentucky picked up 18 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1980 The 24 °F temperature range in the local area with a low of 19°F in northwest suburbs to 43° in Washington, DC was very unusual. (Ref. Washington Weather Records DCA) 1982 Surface high pressure along the Mid Atlantic combined with upper level high pressure off the Bahamas brought unseasonably warm weather to the East Coast. Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 82°, Georgetown, DE: 80°, Philadelphia, PA: 76°-Tied, Binghamton, NY: 75°, Williamsport, PA: 74°, Albany, NY: 74°, Burlington, VT: 74°, Syracuse, NY: 74°-Tied and Worcester, MA: 73°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 Twenty-one cities, mostly in the Ohio Valley, reported record high temperatures for the date. The afternoon high of 80 degrees at Columbus, OH was their warmest reading of record for so late in the season. Showers and thundershowers associated with a tropical depression south of Florida produced 4.28 inches of rain at Clewiston in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 A sharp cold front brought about an abrupt end to "Indian Summer" in the north central U.S. Up to a foot of snow blanketed Yellowstone Park, WY, and winds in the mountains near the Washoe Valley of southeastern Wyoming gusted to 78 mph. Unseasonably warm weather continued in the south central U.S. Del Rio, TX tied Laredo, TX and McAllen, TX for honors as the hot spot in the nation with a record warm afternoon high of 91 degrees. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 Cold weather prevailed in the central U.S. Six cities in Texas, Minnesota, and Michigan, reported record low temperatures for the date. The low of 7 above zero at Marquette MI was their coldest reading of record for so early in the season. (The National Weather Summary) 1991 Brownsville, TX recorded its first snow since 11/28/1976. Only a trace fell but this stands out as significant, since snow occurred so far south so early and the fact that Portland, ME had not recorded its first snow of the season up to this date. The last measurable snow in Brownsville was way back in February 1895 when the local paper reported 5 inches on the ground. Brownsville did not receive measurable snow on any date in the 20th century. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) Record cold prevailed across Colorado behind the "Halloween Mega Storm". Pueblo dropped to -17°, breaking the previous record for the day by an amazing 28 degrees. Alamosa recorded -26°, breaking the old daily record by 18 degrees. Other daily record lows included: Havre, MT: -15°-Tied, Lander, WY: -12°, Glasgow, MT: -11°, Helena, MT: -8°, North Platte, NE: -6°, Bismarck, ND: -4°, Scottsbluff, NE: -4°, Colorado Springs, CO: -2°, Sioux Falls, SD: -2°, Norfolk, NE: -2°, Missoula, MT: 0°, Clayton, NM: 0°, Fargo, ND: 0°, Grand Forks, ND: 0°, Rapid City, SD: 0°, Grand Island, NE: 0°, Valentine, NE: 0°, St. Cloud, MN: 0°, Aberdeen, SD: 1°, Huron, SD: 1°, Lincoln, NE: 1°, Goodland, KS: 1°, Dodge City, KS: 3°, Sioux City, IA: 3°, Concordia, KS: 4°, Rochester, MN: 4°, Omaha, NE: 6°, Amarillo, TX: 7° (broke previous record by 11 degrees), Lubbock, TX: 7° (broke previous record by 16 degrees), Des Moines, IA: 7°, Minneapolis, MN: 8°, Waterloo, IA: 9°, Kansas City, MO: 10° (broke previous record by 10 degrees), Oklahoma City, OK: 11° (broke previous record by 10 degrees) plus additional cities. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) Alamosa, Colorado: In Alamosa, the temperature plunges to -26 °F (-32 °C) shattering the old record by 18 F degrees (10 C deg) as record cold grips Colorado. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2002 A magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck the remote interior section of Alaska, causing the Trans Alaska Pipeline to shut down. No leaks were found along the pipeline, which was designed to withstand an 8.5 magnitude quake. The quake's epicenter was located 75 miles south of Fairbanks in a sparsely populated area. The quake was felt over the entire state. Highways were damaged, with major cracks reported in two roadways. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2007 Dense fog resulted in an 86 vehicle pile-up just north of Fowler, CA on I-99 during the early morning hours. Two people were killed and 41 others were injured. After the fog burned off, record high temperatures were set at: Merced, CA: 78°, Madera, CA: 78° and Hanford, CA: 77°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009 Phoenix and Picacho Peak, Arizona: The heat in Arizona produces a 96°F high in Phoenix, the hottest temperature there ever so late in the season. The high temperature at Picacho Peak, sets the high temperature record there for the day and the month with a 97°F reading. (Ref. WxDoctor)

NOVEMBER   4TH 1927 A great Vermont flood occurred. Tropical rains deluged the Green Mountain area of Vermont causing the worst flood in the history of the state. Torrential rains, up to 15 inches in the higher elevations, sent streams on a rampage devastating the Winooski Valley. Flooding claimed 200 lives and caused 40 million dollars damage. The town of Vernon reported 84 deaths. Flooding left up to eight to ten feet of water in downtown Montpelier VT. (2nd-4th) (Ref. David Ludlum ) (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1935 The "Yankee" Hurricane hit Miami, FL in the afternoon the barometer dropped to 28.73 inches of mercury. The storm was so-named because it came from a northeasterly direction. This was rare, because hurricanes almost never approach south Florida from the northeast. Winds exceeded 95 mph at Miami and was a category 2 hurricane. (Ref. 23 Page Write-up on the Yankee Hurricane) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1940 The longest period with snow at 200 days ended on this date at Denver, CO with the first snow of the season, a trace. The last snow prior was on 4/17/1940. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1950 An F3 tornado skipped from the Neighborville-Reamstown area, to Adamstown and Tuckerton, Berks County, Pennsylvania, damaging or destroying 14 buildings. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1970 An F2 tornado touched down during the afternoon in Atlantic County, New Jersey. An intense hailstorm at Point Pleasant Beach, NJ produced significant accumulation. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1982 The five day long heat wave along the east coast came to an abrupt end with the passage of a strong cold front. For the previous five days, a strong ridge of high pressure moved from the Midwest across the Ohio Valley to off the east coast. Temperatures warmed into the 70’s all the way into New England and the low 80’s to Philadelphia. Record highs for the date included: Vero Beach, FL: 87°, Newark, NJ: 77°-Tied, Burlington, VT: 73° and Caribou, ME: 66°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 A super wet Gulf storm dumped upwards of fifteen inches of rain in the mountains of Virginia and West Virginia causing devastating damage and claiming forty lives. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) Heavy rains from the remnants of tropical storm Juan dropped 10 to 18 inches of rain on West Virginia, causing 15 flooding deaths. Perhaps most bizarre account occurred in Shenandoah County when a 43-year-old man drowned while attempting to remove sheep from an island by way of canoe. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2007 Accord Publishing, USA) November 2-7, 1985 (Juan/"Killer Flood of 1985"): This hurricane of non-tropical origin drifted aimlessly across Louisiana during the last week of October before moving east into Pensacola on Halloween. As the center of Juan moved north towards Michigan, a secondary low moved east across North Carolina, continuing the moderate rains. A third low pressure system, along Juan's cold front, transformed a minor flood into a major disaster. A massive rain shield developed as warm, tropical air overrode cooler air to the north of the center. This third system tracked across southwest Virginia on the 4th, and eventually through northern Virginia and Maryland. Carpeting, dead animals, window frames, and numerous household items began flowing down the Potomac. The most extensive damage in the Old Dominion occurred in the Roanoke river basin, in the Roanoke-Salem metropolitan area. Many in Roanoke were rescued from rooftops via boats and helicopters. Waters rose to the third story of an apartment complex in Salem. Lynchburg experienced the James rising to seven feet above the previous record, set in 1877. Stored tobacco was in ruin; losses totaled $8 million. Extensive flooding invaded Richmond. Monetary losses exceeded those of Camille and Agnes. Forty counties and twelve independent cities were declared Federal disaster areas. Waters rose to within two inches of the top stones of Georgetown's Lock 3, stopping just shy of a catastrophe for Washington, DC. Waters were high for four days. (Ref. Juan/"Killer WV Flood of 1985) 1987 Thirty-two cities in the eastern and south central U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date. Highs of 74 degrees at Portland ME and 86 degrees at Fort Smith, AR equaled November records. It was the fourth day of record warmth for Beckley, WV, Memphis, TN and Paducah, KY. A cold front ushered much colder air into the north central U.S. Gale force winds lashed all five Great Lakes. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Thunderstorms developing ahead of a fast moving cold front produced severe weather over the Tennessee Valley and the Central Gulf Coast States during the afternoon and evening hours, and into the next morning. Thunderstorms spawned nineteen tornadoes, including eleven in Mississippi. One tornado narrowly missed a high school football game in McComb, MS. An F3 tornado struck a school at New Site, MS just as it was dismissing. Alert teachers rushed the students back into hallways just in time. The last of the nineteen tornadoes killed a woman in her mobile home in Lee FL. A tornado in Culbert, AL injured sixteen people, and caused two million dollars damage. Thunderstorms also produced baseball size hail in Alabama. Unseasonably hot air prevailed south of the cold front. McAllen, TX was the hot spot in the nation with a high of 102 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Snow and high winds plagued parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Winds gusted to 71 mph near Wheatland, WY, and reached 80 mph west of Fort Collins, CO. Up to five inches of snow blanketed Yellowstone Park, WY closing many roads. Snow also blanketed northern Minnesota, with seven inches reported at Baudette. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991 Record cold continued to prevail from the Rockies to the Southeast as cold high pressure built in behind the Halloween Meg-Storm. Record low temperatures were set at: Alamosa, CO: -13°, Norfolk, NE: -9°, St. Cloud, MN: -9°, Sioux Falls, SD: -6°, Lincoln, NE: -4°, Grand Island, NE: -3°, Sioux City, IA: -3°, Minneapolis, MN: -3°, Aberdeen, SD: -2°, Lander, WY: -2°, International Falls, MN: -2°, Rochester, MN: -2°, Valentine, NE: 0°, Huron, SD: 0°, Springfield, MO: 10°, Moline, IL: 10°, Rockford, IL: 10°-Tied, Chicago, IL: 11°, Elkins, WV: 11°, Columbia, MO: 13°, Akron, OH: 13°, Cincinnati, OH: 16°, Cleveland, OH: 16°, Columbus, OH: 18°, Lexington, KY: 18°, Charleston, WV: 21° and many other cities. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2000 A record streak of days with no rain finally ends... The string of days with no precipitation has finally ended at some sites in North Carolina. One example of this is Raleigh and Durham. The Raleigh and Durham International Airport received 0.01 of an inch of rain November 4th 2000 Saturday evening between 6 and 7 p.m. This was the first measurable rain since September 26, 2000 when 0.03 of an inch of rain fell. The 38-day streak was the longest on record at the site breaking the 32-day record set from November 23 to December 24, 1965. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2001 Hurricane Michelle was only the 5th November major hurricane in the Atlantic. At its peak intensity on the 3rd, the Category 4 hurricane had top winds of 135 mph. Hurricane warnings were in effect for Cuba on the 3rd as the island braced for its worst hurricane since 1944. The storm weakened before landfall, but Cuba suffered significant damage to crops and infrastructure, especially the important sugar cane crop that was ready for harvest. Fortunately, the hurricane missed major cities and crossed less inhabited agricultural areas. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

NOVEMBER   5TH 1894 The famous Election Day snowstorm occurred in Connecticut. As much as a foot of wet snow fell, and the snow and high winds caused great damage to wires and trees. Winds gusted to 60 mph at Block Island RI. (Ref. David Ludlum ) 1948 waterspout made landfall at Vlieland in the Netherlands. While it passed over the local weather station, the anemometer measured a gust of 126 mph, the strongest gust ever recorded in the Netherlands. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1961 Strong Santa Ana winds fanned the flames of the Bel Air and Brentwood fires in southern California destroying many homes. At 10 PM the Los Angeles Civic Center reported a temperature of 74 degrees along with a dew point of 5 degrees. On the 6th, Burbank reported a relative humidity of three percent. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1962 The earliest measurable autumn snowfall in Richmond, Virginia was 0.9 inches. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) 1975 Regina, Saskatchewan Canada experienced its warmest November day when the temperature rose to 74°. Havre, MT tied their November record high with 78 °F. Other record highs included: Grass Range, MT: 85°, Fort Benton, MT: 79°, Sheridan, WY: 78°, Lewistown, MT: 78°, Stanford, MT: 77°, Huron, SD: 76°, Great Falls, MT: 76°, Grand Forks, ND: 75°, Rapid City, SD: 75°, Bismarck, ND: 74°, International Falls, MN: 73°, Billings, MT: 73°, Boise, ID: 73°-Tied, St. Cloud, MN: 72°, Pocatello, ID: 71°, Cut Bank, MT: 71 °F. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1977 A slow moving storm produced five to nine inch rains across northern Georgia causing the Toccoa Dam to burst. As the earthen dam collapsed the waters rushed through the Toccoa Falls Bible College killing three persons in the dorms. Thirty-eight persons perished at a trailer park along the stream. (Ref. David Ludlum ) 1985 Great flood on the Shenandoah River - See November 4th for more information. (Ref. West Virginia Flood) 1987 Low pressure off the California coast produced stormy weather in the southwestern U.S. Flash flooding stranded 8000 persons in the Death Valley National Park of southern California. Thunderstorms over southern Nevada produced dime size hail and wind gusts to 68 mph around Las Vegas. Unseasonably mild weather in the northeastern U.S. was replaced with snow and gale force winds. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 A powerful low-pressure system produced high winds from the Great Plains to New England, and produced heavy snow in northern Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. Winds gusted to 64 mph at Knoxville TN, and reached 80 mph at Pleasant Valley VT. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 "Mother Nature" used Sunday as a day of rest, as rather tranquil weather prevailed across the nation. Temperatures warmed into the 80s across much of Texas. Highs of 86 degrees at Abilene, Fort Worth and San Angelo were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary) 1991 Record cold occurred in the East. Elkins, WV dropped to 8°, set not only a new daily record low but also a record for the coldest temperature so early in the season. Pittsburgh, PA bottomed out at 11° setting the same two records as Elkins. Other daily record lows included: Marquette, MI: 5°, Mansfield, OH: 13°, Youngstown, OH: 13°, Huntington, WV: 14°, Akron, OH: 14°, Cincinnati, OH: 14°, Columbus, OH: 14°, Charleston, WV: 15°, Indianapolis, IN: 15°, Lexington, KY: 16°, Paducah, KY: 16°, Cleveland, OH: 16°, Toledo, OH: 16°, Evansville, IN: 16°, Oak Ridge, TN: 17°, Peoria, IL: 17°, Bristol, TN: 18°, Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 19°, Roanoke, VA: 20°, Asheville, NC: 20°, Lynchburg, VA: 21°, Birmingham, AL: 21°, Springfield, IL: 21°, Reading, PA: 22°, Richmond, VA: 25°, Harrisburg, PA: 25°,-Tied, Atlanta, GA: 26°, Charlotte, NC: 28°, Wallops Island, VA: 30°, Norfolk, VA: 30 °F. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1998 Rejuvenated Tropical Storm Mitch, a mere shadow of its former killer self, made landfall near Naples FL with top winds of 65 mph. 5 tornadoes were spawned in South Florida: 2 in the Florida Keys, 1 each in Broward, Palm Beach, and Collier Counties. Overall the twisters injured 65 people and damaged or destroyed 645 homes. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2001 The Coast Guard station at Loran Station at Attu, Alaska (in the Aleutian Islands). Winds blew from 69- 104 mph for an 18 hour period, which was caused by an intense low pressure of 960 mb. off the coast. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2007 Accord Publishing, USA) Hurricane Michelle battered Cuba and the Bahamas while Hurricane Noel moved toward Newfoundland in the north Atlantic. Michelle killed 5 people, devastated crops and left the western half of the island without electricity. 100,000 - 500,000 were evacuated and in Havana, 180 buildings collapsed and 1,200 trees are blown down. With winds up to 135 mph it was the strongest hurricane there in 50 years and went on to cause some damage in Nassau, the Bahamas. This was the first time that two hurricanes formed in November in the Atlantic/Caribbean Ocean basin since 1994. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 2002 Springtime is the main season for tornadoes in Alabama, but there is a secondary tornado season in the fall that many people do not think about. For the 3rd straight year, the secondary tornado season of November and December in Alabama proved to be the most deadly. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2005 Late season severe weather caused extensive wind damage across central and southeast Illinois, late on the 5th to just after midnight on the 6th. Peak wind gusts from the storms included 89 mph at the Lawrenceville Airport, and 86 mph at Chrisman, where significant tree and structural damage occurred. Significant damage also occurred west of Bloomington, near Stanford. (Ref. Wilson Weather History)

NOVEMBER   6TH 1880 A Great Lakes gale wrecked or disabled a score of ships on Lake Ontario, including the “Belle Sheridan”, a collier just 10 miles from Toronto. Only one of seven crew members survived. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1951 Snow fell from the Texas panhandle to the Lower Great Lakes, leaving record totals of 12.5 inches at Saint Louis, MO, and 14.1 inches at Springfield, MO. Other heavier snowfall totals included 20 inches at Nevada, MO, 13.5 inches at Sedan, KS, 13 inches at Decature IL, and 10 inches at Alva, OK. In the Saint Louis area, up to 20 inches was reported in Washington County. (5th- 6th) (Ref. David Ludlum ) (The Weather Channel) 1953 A tropical depression moved east from the central Gulf of Mexico and across Florida on November 5th, accompanied by heavy rain and 30 to 40 mph winds. As it reached the Atlantic Coast and passed over the Gulf stream it rapidly intensified. At the same time, an unusual cold outbreak was developing in the Midwest and Northeast. As the storm intensified it turned sharply to the north and moisture from the storm was thrown back into the cold air mass, creating a band of snow that develop from North Carolina to New York. Snow began in Washington, DC in the early-morning hours of the 6th. A tight pressure gradient set up between the strong ocean storm and the cold high-pressure system to the north causing winds in Washington, DC of 30 mph. Old Kings Highway in Alex., Virginia was blocked by a large drifts and the total snowfall at National Airport was recorded at 6.7 inches. This is one of Washington's biggest early season snow falls, not far behind the Veteran's Day snowstorm of November 11, 1987, which piled up 11 inches in Washington. (p. 65 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) Other snowfall totals included 11 inches at Harrisburg, PA, 8.8 inches at Philadelphia, PA (their earliest snowstorm of 4 or more inches), 9 inches at Takoma Park, MD and 3 inches at Richmond, VA. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1953 6.5 ins. snow at DCA and 27 mph north wind and 9.0 inches of snow was measured in Takoma Park, MD. (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) Boston, Massachusetts had a severe northeast coastal storm with great coastal damage from wind and heavy rain. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1959 On Hawkins Hill, located on North Island of New Zealand, the wind speed reached 155 mph, the windiest event ever recorded on the North Island. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1969 On this date through the 13th, a severe ice storm between Quebec City and the Manicouagan River power dam in Quebec Canada caused over $1.5 million dollars damage to transmission lines and towers. Over 30 transmission towers under construction were brought down. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1977 5 to 9 inches of rain caused an earthen dam above the town of Toccoa, Georgia to burst during the pre-dawn hours of a Sunday morning, flooding the town and killing 37 people. The Toccoa Falls Bible College was flooded and several people perished there. There were many bridge and road washouts in North Georgia during the event, including 18 in Madison County GA alone. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1986 On this date through the 7th, a storm brought heavy snow across parts of the northern Rockies. Snowfall totals included: Mystic Lake, MT: 35 inches, Red Lodge, MT: 27 inches, Nye, MT: 16 inches, Burgess Junction, MT: 15 inches, Sheridan, WY: 13 inches, Pryor, MT: 9 inches, Broadus, MT: 7 inches and Billings, MT: 5 inches. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1987 High winds in the northeastern U.S., turning a recent warm spell into a distant memory, gusted to 63 mph at Rhode Island. Squalls resulting from the high winds produced five inches of snow at Marquette MI and seven inches at Rome NY. A storm in the southwestern U.S. brought heavy snow to some of the higher elevations of Arizona, Colorado and Utah. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 A powerful low-pressure system over the Great Lakes Region continued to produce snow across parts of the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes Region. Snowfall totals along the shore of Lake Superior reached 24 inches, with three feet of snow reported in the Porcupine Mountain area of Upper Michigan. Marquette MI established a November record with 17.3 inches of snow in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Unseasonably warm weather prevailed in the south central and southeastern U.S. Nine cities from Florida to Oklahoma and Texas reported record high temperatures for the date as readings warmed into the 80s. The high of 89 degrees at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport in Texas equaled their record for November. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1994 San Francisco, CA set a 24-hour rainfall record with 6.19 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1996 Heavy showers and thunderstorms moved across central and southern Oklahoma on this date in 1996, and continued through the early morning of the 7th. Flash flooding occurred across many counties. Durant received up to 5 inches, as city streets became impassable with as much as two feet of water covering the roads. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 2005 An F3 tornado cut a 41 mile track through Henderson County in Kentucky, Vanderburgh, Warrick, and Spencer Counties in Indiana during the predawn hours, killing 24, injuring 238, and doing $87 million dollars in damages. A large mobile home park was hit near the southern city limits of Evansville where 20 were killed. This was the worst Indiana tornado since the super-outbreak of 1974. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) Further to the south in the warm air, record high temperatures were at Meridian, MS: 86°, Baton Rouge, LA: 86°-Tied, New Orleans, LA: 85°-Tied and Galveston, TX: 83°. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 2009 Gulf of Alaska: High waves, winds, and low pressure accompany a major storm sitting over the Gulf of Alaska. Weather buoy station 46082 recorded the highest winds with the storm hit 69 mph and also had waves of nearly 30 feet. Buoy station 46085 reports the lowest pressure reading at 945 mb (27.91 inches mercury, just shy of the Category 4 Hurricane classification on the old SS Scale. Along the Pacific Northwest Coast, winds hit as high as the 91 mph reading at Garibaldi, Oregon. The storm also generates a confirmed F0 tornado at Roads End, Oregon. (Ref. WxDoctor)

NOVEMBER   7TH 1837 One of the most intense hurricanes ever to strike Hawaii brought winds of 115 mph to Hilo. 730 people were missing or killed. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1940 The Galloping Gertie bridge at Tacoma WA collapsed in strong winds resulting in a six million dollar loss, just four months after the grand opening of the new bridge. The winds caused the evenly sized spans of the bridge to begin to vibrate until the central one finally collapsed. From that point on bridges were constructed with spans of varying size. (Ref. David Ludlum ) 1943 An early season snowstorm dropped up 2 feet of snow over Minnesota and South Dakota. In eastern South Dakota a million thanksgiving turkeys were smothered by the heavy snowfall. Grand Meadow, MN reported 6 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1951 At 7 AM a blinding flash, a huge ball of fire, and a terrific roar occurred over parts of Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas, caused by a disintegrating meteor. Windows were broken in and near Hinton OK by the concussion. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1975 4 day heat wave set 4 consecutive date records at DCA 77°, 81°, 77°, 76° for 7th-10th (Ref. Washington, DC Weather Records - KDCA) A ridge of high pressure along the east coast was responsible for record highs from the southern Plains to the East Coast. Daily record highs included: Wilmington, NC: 80°-Tied, Richmond, VA: 79°, Cape Hatteras, NC: 78°, Norfolk, VA: 78°-Tied, Baltimore, MD: 77°-Tied, Reading, PA: 75°, Wilmington, DE: 75°-Tied, Hartford, CT: 74°, Binghamton, NY: 72°, Buffalo, NY: 72°-Tied, New York (LaGuardia Airport), NY: 68°, Bridgeport, CT: 68° and New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 66°. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1986 An early season blizzard struck the Northern Plains Region. North Dakota took the brunt of the storm with wind gusts to 70 mph, and snowfall totals ranged up to 25 inches at Devils Lake. (Storm Data) New Orleans LA recorded its highest November temperature ever with a reading of 86 degrees. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 Heavy snow fell across parts of eastern New York State overnight, with twelve inches reported at the town of Piseco, located in the Mohawk Valley. A storm in the southwestern U.S. left nine inches of snow at the Winter Park ski resort in Colorado. Smoke from forest fires reduced visibilities to less than a mile at some locations from North Carolina to Ohio and Pennsylvania. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Unseasonably warm weather continued across the state of Texas. Seven cities reported record high temperatures for the date, including Waco and Del Rio with readings of 92 degrees. McAllen was the hot spot in the nation with a high of 96 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 Shortly after daybreak strong thunderstorms developed over a narrow, but almost stationary, east-west band across New Orleans, in southeastern Louisiana. As a result, heavy rains persisted over the same area until mid afternoon before tapering off, and triggered flash flooding across a five county area. Eight to twelve inch rains deluged the area between 9 AM and 6 PM, and totals for the 48 hour period ending at 7 AM on the 8th ranged up to 19.78 inches, between Lake Lexy and Lake Borgne. Approximately 6000 homes in the area reported water damage. The rainfall total for November of 19.81 inches at New Orleans was their highest total for any given month of the year. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) Tumbleweeds piled up in drifts 14 feet high near Mobridge, SD behind a cold front. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1997 Two day rain Barcroft 2.39 inches on 7th & 0.60 on 8th. It was the most rain in 24 hours since 10-14-1995. (Ref. Annandale Weather Records) 1999 A very strong unseasonable heat ridge brought unusual November heat across the nation's mid-section as temperatures ran 25 to 30 degrees above normal over a large area from Nebraska to Montana, North Dakota and Minnesota. Several locations tied or broke their all-time record highs for November including: Winner, SD: 85°, Bismarck, ND: 79°, Minot, ND: 78° and Williston, ND: 76 °F. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 2001 Typhoon Lingling struck the southern Philippines killing 171 people with 118 missing in Camiguin. The typhoon struck Vietnam 5 days later killing an additional 18 people. (Ref. Wilson Weather History)

NOVEMBER   8TH 1870 The first storm warning was issued by the U.S. Signal Corps Weather Service. Professor Increase A. Lapham believed that warnings of deadly storms on the Great Lakes could be derived from telegraphed weather observations. A bill was introduced and signed into law to establish a national telegraphic weather service. The Signal Corps began taking observations of November 1, 1870. On this date, Lapham would issue the first storm warning, a cautionary forecast for the Great Lakes. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1914 It finally rained on this date in Bagdad, California, breaking an incredible rain-free streak of 767 days, the U.S. record! (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1943 3.20 inches of rain fell in 24 hrs. at WBO in Washington, DC. (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) An early season snowstorm raged across eastern South Dakota and Minnesota into northern Wisconsin. The storm produced 22 inches of snow at Fairbult and Marshall MN, 20 inches at Redwood Falls MN, and 10.1 inches at Minneapolis. Drifts fifteen feet high were reported in Cottonwood County MN. The storm produced up to two feet of snow in South Dakota smothering a million Thanksgiving Day turkeys. (6th-8th) (Ref. David Ludlum ) (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1953 Residents of New York City suffered through ten days of smog resulting in 200 deaths. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1966 The temperature in downtown San Francisco reached a November record of 86 degrees. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1986 A new Utah state record for the strongest wind gust was established at 6:16 AM MST, when a wind gust of 124 mph was recorded on 11,000 foot high Hidden Peak in the Snowbird area. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 25 inches of snow in North Dakota as the state is blasted by one of its worst ever November storms. Winds gusted to 70 mph. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 Thunderstorms over Texas produced locally heavy rains in the Hill Country, with 3.50 inches reported at Lakeway, and 3.72 inches reported at Anderson Mill. Thunderstorms over Louisiana produced hail an inch in diameter at Clay and at Provencial. Blustery northwest winds, ushering cold air into western Kansas and into northwest Texas, gusted to 46 mph at Hill City KS. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Fair weather prevailed across much of the nation for Election Day. Midland, TX equaled their record for November with an afternoon high of 89 degrees, and the record high of 87 degrees at Roswell, NM was their fifth in eight days. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 Afternoon and evening thunderstorms developing along and ahead of a cold front produced severe weather from northern Louisiana into central Georgia. Thunderstorms spawned three tornadoes, and there were sixty-four reports of large hail or damaging winds. A late afternoon thunderstorm in central Georgia spawned a tornado, which killed one person and injured eight others at Pineview. Late afternoon thunderstorms in central Mississippi produced baseball size hail around Jackson, and wind gusts to 70 mph Walnut Grove. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991 The first week in November in Iowa was extremely cold. The average temperature over the state for the week was 18.3°, which is 24.7 degrees below normal. This was easily the coldest first week of November in 100 years of record. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1996 An F2 tornado destroyed a double-wide mobile home near Chester, GA. A 7-yr-old girl died; 6 family members hurt. Some of the victims were blown 200 yards into a wooded area. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1999 Kennebec, South Dakota: The temperature reaches 89 °F, breaking the all time record for the warmest November maximum temperature ever recorded in the state. (Ref. WxDoctor) 85 record high temperatures fell across the Midwest as Indian Summer weather was felt across the region. Many locations set new high temperature records for the month of November, not just for the date, including Valetine NE, where the mercury topped out at 86 degrees. Other records included 82 in Omaha NE and 86 in Huron SD. Pierre SD was the nation's hot spot, with a high of 87 degrees that was a record for November. For the second day in a row, Winner SD set a new November record. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2006 Denver, CO climbed to 80°. their highest November temperature since records began in 1872 and the highest temperature for so late in the season. Chadron, NE also hit 80°, their latest 80 degree reading for so late in the season. (Ref. Wilson Weather History)

NOVEMBER   9th 1864 Chester, Illinois: On Election Night, a violent tornado strikes a ferry on Mississippi River near Chester blowing away all but the hull. The boiler and engines are found up the bluff. Half of Chester is destroyed and twenty die during the storm. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1893 Tropical storm from Gulf dissipated off MD 2.39 inches at Washington, DC. (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1913 on the 9th & 10th The "freshwater fury", a rapidly deepening cyclone, caused unpredicted gales on the Great Lakes. Eight large ore carriers on Lake Erie sank drowning 270 sailors. Cleveland, OH reported 17.4 inches of snow in 24 hours, and a total of 22.2 inches, both all-time records for that location. During the storm, winds at Cleveland averaged 50 mph, with gusts to 79 mph. The storm produced wind gusts to 80 mph at Buffalo, NY, and buried Pickens, WV under three feet of snow. (9th-11th) (Ref. Wilson Weather History) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1926 A tornado in Charles County of southern Maryland killed seventeen persons. (Ref. Weather Channel ) November 9, 1926 Tornado Most Deadly Locally: The La Plata Killer Tornado, November 9, 1926 at 2:30 PM A tornado (estimated to be F4 with winds up to 250 mph) touched down about 5 miles southwest of La Plata at about 2:30 PM. It moved northeast through La Plata and continued on the ground traveling 18 miles in 20 to 25 minutes to Cedarville in Prince Georges County. Its damage path was about 500 feet in width. Little thunder occurred with the storm. Torrential rain occurred at the time of the tornado's passage. Some hail fell. The tornado's roar was heard up to 3 miles away. Debris from the tornado was blown inward and forward (a classic tornado pattern). From this description in Monthly Weather Review for November 1926, the "vortex swayed from side to side as it progressed", it was likely a multi-vortex tornado. Large tornadoes often break down into smaller vortices, which rotate around the wall of the larger cyclone. At some places, the tornado actual cut or "furrowed into the soil". In La Plata, four homes, several large barns and the schoolhouse were completely demolished - lifted from their foundations and shattered. The schoolhouse, with its 60 children and two teachers was lifted from its foundation and smashed against a grove of trees 50 feet away. Debris from the school, children's belongings, and school furnishings were scattered in all directions. Some of the children were carried 500 feet and the body of one child was found in the top branches of a tree 300 feet away. Parts of desks were found 7 miles away. Some of the wreckage of the schoolhouse was found deposited in a field a mile north of Upper Marlboro, 25 miles away. A page from a school ledger was found in Bowie, 36 miles to the north-northeast. About 6.5 miles from Annapolis, almost 50 miles from La Plata, an 8-foot by 2-foot piece of galvanized roofing from the school fell. Of the school, 14 children were killed. The two teachers and all the other children but one were injured. Miss Ethel Graves, a school teacher at the La Plata School describes what happened: " It was just a few minutes before 3 o'clock that I heard a rumbling roar and the wind seemed to increase tremendously. I was just getting ready to take the children to some safer place when the glass from all of the windows blew out. The children had started toward me then and were beginning to group themselves about me when it seemed as if they and everything in the room about me had been pulled up be some unseen hooks. Then we were flying through the air. It seemed to me as if some of the children and parts of the building passed me several times. I lost consciousness then." Additional four homes were badly damaged and 14 tobacco barns and their contents of 4,000 to 7,000 pounds of tobacco were a total loss. At Cedarville, one home, one store, and 4 barns were destroyed. Several other homes were badly damaged. Six families were rendered homeless. A mother and her three children were injured when her home collapsed. The clerk of the general store was sucked out the front door, across the road, and slammed against a telephone pole where the wind tore his trousers off of him. On a farm, a barn in which a horse and cow were feeding was picked up and carried away, leaving the animals in their places uninjured. Chicken was defeathered. In the destruction of homes, 9 people were injured and 3 more were killed. Barns, sheds, outbuildings, fences, garages, a gas station, trees, and telephone poles in the path of the tornado were all leveled. A number of automobiles were demolished. Damages were estimated at $100,000 (1926 dollars). A total of 17 people were known to have died with 60 reported injured. The weather pattern an intense low-pressure area was moving rapidly northeast from central Indiana to extreme southern Ontario. A trough extended south from the low center over the region. Winds ahead of the trough were south to southwest at the surface and southwest aloft to 2000 meters. At about 5000 feet, the winds were from the southwest at 48 kts (56 mph). The trough passed Washington, DC later that night at 10 PM. About the same time as the tornado struck La Plata, a thunderstorm dropped 0.65 inches of rain in DC in just 9 minutes. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1972 Boston, Massachusetts on the 8th and 9th had storm surge tides, coastal damage, wind damage and inland flooding. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1977 A major blizzard struck the eastern two-thirds of South Dakota, western Minnesota, and northwest Iowa through the 10th. A strong area of low pressure moved from northeast Colorado across north central Iowa bringing a variety of problems to the region. On the 8th, the storm began as rain with temperatures in the 50's in most areas. The tri-state area was then coated with freezing rain and sleet before the precipitation changed to snow. Up to 6 inches of snow fell in northwest Iowa with wind gusts up to 65 mph making travel impossible. Amounts were generally 4 to 12 inches across eastern South Dakota with gusts to 70 mph. Portions of western Minnesota were the hardest hit with snow amounts up to 14 inches and winds howling up to 80 mph. Drifts piled up to 8 feet deep across portions of Minnesota. Hundreds of cars were stranded across the area as the snow piled up. Two of the stranded vehicles were trucks transporting turkeys. As the temperatures plunged about half of the turkeys were prematurely frozen. The winds also blew down trees, power lines, and several radio towers. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1982 Seven tornadoes touched down in southern California, three of which began as waterspouts. The waterspouts moved ashore at Point Mugu, Malibu, and Long Beach. The Long Beach tornado traveled inland ten miles causing much damage. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1987 Showers and gusty winds associated with a cold front helped extinguish forest fires in the Appalachian Region and clear out smoke in the eastern U.S. Thunderstorms produced locally heavy rains from eastern Texas to the Tennessee Valley. Longview, TX received 3.12 inches of rain, including two inches in two hours, Tupelo, MS was soaked with 2.80 inches of rain. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Thunderstorms developing ahead of a strong cold front produced severe weather from eastern Oklahoma to central Indiana. Hail more than two inches in diameter was reported around Tulsa OK. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 High winds prevailed along the eastern slopes of the Rockies from the afternoon of the 8th into the early morning hours of the 9th. Winds of 50 to 80 mph prevailed across the northwest Chinook area of Wyoming, with gusts to 100 mph. Winds in Colorado gusted to 97 mph at Fritz Peak (located near Rollinsville) the evening of the 8th, and early in the morning on the 9th, gusted to 78 mph west of Fort Collins. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1991 Canadian high pressure over the Great Lakes was responsible for record lows from Texas to the Ohio Valley and Gulf Coast including: Peoria, IL: 9°, Springfield, IL: 9°, Toledo, OH: 12°, Lansing, MI: 12°, Chicago, IL: 14°, Paducah, KY: 14°, Des Moines, IA: 15°, Fort Wayne, IN: 15°, St. Louis, MO: 16°, Indianapolis, IN: 17, Lexington, KY: 17, Detroit, MI: 18, Akron, OH: 18°, Columbus, OH: 18°, Cincinnati, OH: 19°, Youngstown, OH: 19°-Tied, Little Rock, AR: 20°, Jackson, KY: 20°, Louisville, KY: 20°, Memphis, TN: 20°, Kansas City, MO: 23°, Baton Rouge, LA: 26°, Houston, TX: 29°, San Antonio, TX: 29°, Mobile, AL: 30°, New Orleans, LA: 32°. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1996 The Veteran's Day storm of November 9-14, 1996 may be the most severe early season lake effect snow (LES) storm the Great Lakes has witnessed in the past fifty years. At the height of the storm, over 160,000 customers were without power in Greater Cleveland alone, as the storm produced isolated snowfall tallies approaching 70". As usual with these LES events, the Veteran's Day storm battered snowbelt communities downwind of each of the Great Lakes while nearby towns went unscathed. (University of Illimois WW2010) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1998 Iowa and Minnesota on the 9th & 10th: Extremely strong storm system moves across the Great Plains. Minnesota 28.43 inches mercury and Iowa 28.54 inches mercury. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1999 More record warmth across the Midwest. For the third day in a row, un-November like weather treated residents of the Midwest. Some of the record highs included Green Bay WI with 74 degrees and Marquette MI with 73. The Marquette high was also a record for November. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2002 Laden with tropical moisture, an early season winter storm brought gusty winds and snow to the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada in California and heavy rains to the lower elevations. At Chagoopa Plateau, a storm total of 80 inches of snow was recorded. Up to the 10 inches of rain fell in the foothills, with the town of Johnsondale receiving 16.38 inches of rain in just three days beginning on the 7th through the 10th. Numerous roads were closed due to flooding and mudslides with many residents losing power. (Ref. Wilson Weather History)

NOVEMBER   10TH 1835 The Great Lakes are plagued by frequent November storms that move across the area, augmented by the heat and moisture from the lakes, which are warm relative to the colder air. On this date, a Great Lakes storm struck with devastating effect. 19 ships were sunk and 254 sailors drowned. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1911 A strong cold front dropped the temperature 68 degrees at Denver, CO from a high of 66° at 12:40 pm to 23° at midnight and -2° at 7:15 am the next morning. The low temperature of 23° at midnight was also the high temperature on the 11th. Winds gusted over 50 mph with the frontal passage. (Ref. November 10th Extreme Weather Day for Central US.) (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1913 Severe windstorm on Lake Superior. Three ships lost. Winds were clocked at 62 mph at Duluth, MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1915 An unusually late season tornado struck the central Kansas town of Great Bend killing eleven persons along its 35-mile track. The tornado destroyed 160 homes in Great Bend killing 11 persons and causing a million dollars damage. Hundreds of dead ducks dropped from the sky northeast of the track's end. (Ref. Weather Channel ) 1972 (10th-22nd) Due to fog, hoarfrost accumulated 4-5 inches on power lines in MT’s Hill, Blaine, Phillips, and Valley Counties. Some power lines sagged to within 1 foot of the ground; approx. 60 power poles came down; power disrupted several days. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1975 - Storm on Lake Superior sank ore carrier, Edmund Fitzgerald--Another "freshwater fury" hit the Great Lakes. A large ore carrier on Lake Superior, the Edmund Fitzgerald, sank near Crisp Point with the loss of its crew of 29 men. Eastern Upper Michigan and coastal Lower Michigan were hardest hit by the storm, which produced wind gusts to 71 at Sault Ste Marie MI, and gusts to 78 mph at Grand Rapids MI. Severe land and road erosion occurred along the Lake Michigan shoreline. A popular hit song by Gordon Lightfoot was inspired by the storm. (Ref. David Ludlum ) TRAVERSE CITY, Mich. - Now and then, when she's alone, Pam Johnson gets out her recording of Gordon Lightfoot's ballad "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald." She listens and tearfully remembers her father, one of 29 mariners who died when the 729-foot ore carrier plunged to the bottom of Lake Superior on Nov. 10, 1975, during a storm that piled waves as high as a three-story building. "The line that always gets me is, 'Does anyone know where the love of God goes when the waves turn the minutes to hours,'" says Johnson, 48, of Chapman, KS. A quarter-century after the tragedy, relatives of the lost crewmen still mourn. And the Fitzgerald, the most famous of about 6,000 ships that have been lost to the vicious gales and treacherous shoals of the Great Lakes, remains a legend within the inland seas' close-knit maritime fraternity. "It's an icon," says Tom Farnquist, executive director of the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society. "Americans have a fascination with shipwrecks like the Titanic and the Fitzgerald. And there's the mystery surrounding it - no witnesses, no survivors to tell why it went down." A number of 25th anniversary observances are planned, including a ceremony Friday at the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum at Whitefish Point, in Michigan's eastern Upper Peninsula almost 400 miles north of Detroit. The museum is 17 miles southeast of the spot where the ship was found in 530 feet of water. Two days later, Mariners' Church of Detroit will hold its annual Fitzgerald memorial service. The Rev. Richard W. Ingalls, who tolled the church's bell 29 times the morning after the sinking, will preside. Johnson, daughter of ship's cook Robert Rafferty, plans to attend both. Eight months pregnant and living in Georgia when the Fitzgerald went down, she was unable to return home to Toledo, Ohio, for a funeral. "I have never had the opportunity to weep in front of a casket, so to speak, and now I'll have my chance," Johnson said. "I just feel like I have to be there." John O'Brien, son of wheelsman Eugene O'Brien, also plans his first pilgrimage to Whitefish Point. He was a teenager when the Fitzgerald sank. "I'd like to charter a boat and go out to the spot where the ship went down," said O'Brien, of Fort Lauderdale, Fla. "I've always wanted to get that close, to think about what it might have been like for them that night." The Fitzgerald's last voyage began Nov. 9, 1975, at Superior, Wis., when it sailed for Detroit hauling 26,116 tons of iron ore. By the next day, it was being pounded by 90-mph wind gusts and 30-foot waves. Fitzgerald Capt. Ernest Mc Sorley radioed a trailing freighter, the Arthur M. Anderson, that his ship had sustained topside damage and was listing. At 7:10 p.m., he told the Anderson: "We are holding our own." Shortly after that, the Fitzgerald disappeared from radar without issuing an SOS. Several days later, a vessel with sonar located it 15 miles from Whitefish Bay. A Coast Guard investigation concluded the Fitzgerald's cargo hold probably flooded when waves swept over the deck and water leaked through improperly fastened hatch covers. (Ref. Edmund Fitzgerald - Wikipedia.org) (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1987 A cold front brought snow to the Appalachian Region and freezing temperatures to the central U.S. Up to nine inches of snow blanketed Garrett County of extreme western Maryland. Freezing temperatures were reported as far south as El Paso, TX and San Angelo, TX. Gale force winds lashed the Middle Atlantic Coast and the coast of southern New England. Thunderstorms brought fire-quenching rains to Alabama, and produced large hail and damaging winds to eastern North Carolina. Ahead of the cold front, seven cities in Florida and Georgia reported record high temperatures for the date as readings warmed into the 80s. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Strong winds circulating around a deep low-pressure system in southeastern Ontario buffeted the northeastern U.S., with the Lower Great Lakes Region hardest hit. Winds in western New York State gusted to 68 mph at Buffalo, to 69 mph at Niagra Falls, and to 78 mph at Brockport. Four persons were injured at Rome, NY when a tree was blown onto their car. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Strong southwesterly winds prevailed along the eastern slopes of the Rockies in Montana and Wyoming. Winds of 80 to 90 mph prevailed across the northwest chinook zone of Montana; with gusts to 112 mph. Unseasonably warm weather accompanied the high winds. Shortly after midnight the temperature at Kalispell MT reached a record 59 degrees. Windy and wet weather prevailed across Washington State. Strong southerly winds gusted to 70 mph at Rattlesnake Ridge, near Hanford. Six rivers in western Washington State rose above flood stage between the 9th and the 11th of the month, following eight days of moderate to heavy rain. Rainfall over the western slopes of the Cascade Mountains between the 3rd and the 10th ranged from 14 to 24 inches. High freezing levels also caused the early snow pack to melt, adding to the runoff in the rain-swollen rivers. Damage was heaviest in Whatcom County, where the Nooksack River caused nearly six million dollars damage, mostly to roads and bridges. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1990 A strong F2 tornado touched down on Hatteras Island in North Carolina and winds gusted to 78 mph at the airport. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1995 The afternoon high at Oklahoma City OK was a toasty 83 degrees, but by late evening, over an inch of snow lay on the ground. Friday night football games were played in heavy snow that reduced visibilities to less than the length of a football field. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1998 Wisconsin and Michigan: Intense storm generates extreme winds over the upper Great Lakes. Winds gust to 95 mph at Mackinac Island, MI and 93 mph at La Crosse, WI. (Ref. WxDoctor) What was called a "Land Hurricane" hit Minnesota. The lowest measured pressure ever for the state was 28.43 at Austin and Albert Lea until Oct. 26, 2010. Ten inches of snow fell at Madison, MN and St. Cloud State University had a gust of 64 mph. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1999 Record autumn warmth moved eastward to the mid-Atlantic and Northeast courtesy of a southwesterly flow around high pressure over the Carolinas. Record highs for the date included: Atlantic City, NJ: 76°, Washington, DC: 76°-Tied, Baltimore, MD: 75°, New York (LaGuardia Airport), NY: 75°, Wilmington, DE: 74°, Philadelphia, PA: 73°, Providence, RI: 73°, Wallops Island, VA: 73°-Tied, Newark, NJ: 73°-Tied, Islip, NY: 72° and New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 72°. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 2002 A late-season, major outbreak of tornadoes caused damage in 13 states across the Ohio and Tennessee Valley. A total of 105 tornadoes struck from the 9th through the 11th, resulting in at least 36 deaths. Four tornadoes spun from Blackford to Henry County, Ohio, including an F4 twister that devastated the west side of Van Wert. Four people were killed, and 26 were injured. The superstition in the small Ohio town of Fostoria was that tornadoes didn't strike there because the town sits on an Indian burial ground. A tornado dispelled that myth when it caused heavy damage in the town and derailed a CSX freight train in the center of town. Thunderstorm winds blew numerous trees down one mile north of Decatur. 81 mph downburst winds derailed a train two miles southeast of Hamler. Residents of the small East Tennessee towns of Mossy Grove believed the legends that the mountains that towered over their secluded homes held magical powers. But as an F3 tornado roared down Lone Mountain and into their little valley, their sense of security was shattered along with their homes killing 7 people. (Ref. Wilson Weather History)

NOVEMBER   11TH 1911 The central U.S. experienced perhaps its most dramatic cold wave of record. During the early morning temperatures across the Central Plains ranged from 68° at Kansas City to 4 above North Platte NE. In Kansas City, the temperature warmed to a record 76 degrees by late morning before the arctic front moved in from the northwest. Skies become overcast, winds shifted to the northwest, and the mercury began to plummet. By early afternoon it was cold enough to snow, and by midnight the temperature had dipped to a record cold reading of 11 degrees above zero. Oklahoma City also established a record high of 83 degrees and record low of 17 degrees that same day (11/11/11). In southeastern Kansas, the temperature at Independence plunged from 83 degrees to 33 degrees in just one hour. The arctic cold front produced severe thunderstorms and tornadoes in the Mississippi Valley, a blizzard in the Ohio Valley, and a dust storm in Oklahoma. (Ref. See Wx. Map - In 1911 Cold Fronts were not Shown on Weather Maps - Look at Isotherms) (Ref. See The 100 year Anniversary of the Great Blue Norther) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) (The Kansas City Weather Almanac) Janesville, Wisconsin : The same intense winter storm spawns a tornado (later classified as F4 on the Fujita Scale) that strikes a community near Janesville. Within an hour of the tornado, the residents must deal with blizzard conditions and temperatures near 0°F (-18°C). (Ref. WxDoctor) (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1940 An Armistice Day storm raged across the Great Lakes Region and the Upper Midwest. A blizzard left 49 dead in Minnesota, and gales on Lake Michigan caused shipwrecks resulting in another 59 deaths. Up to seventeen inches of snow fell in Iowa, and at Duluth MN the barometric pressure reached 28.66 inches. The blizzard claimed a total of 154 lives, and killed thousands of cattle in Iowa. Huge snowdrifts isolated whole towns. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) (David Ludlum) 1955 An early arctic outbreak set many November temperature records across Oregon and Washington. The severe cold damaged shrubs and fruit trees. Readings plunged to near zero in western Washington, and dipped to 19 degrees below zero in the eastern part of the state. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) (David Ludlum) 1980 On this date through the 12th, More than 23 inches of rain fell on Key West. This is their greatest 24-hour amount ever recorded. Widespread flooding caused heavy damage to about 300 cars and 500 homes and businesses. Five waterspouts were sighted during the next afternoon. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1987 The Veterans Day Snowstorm -- On the weekend preceding the storm, November 7th through the eighth, the region experienced beautiful 70 degree Fahrenheit weather. The snow began during the early morning of November 11th with a quick burst of snow that produced 1 to 2 inches across Washington, DC. But snowfall quickly ended, leading many to believe the storm was over. For a few hours in the morning no snow fell and people headed off to work, school and shopping. A second low system quickly intensified. By noon, a very heavy, nearly stationary, band of snow had set up through the eastern half of the area. Localized within this band, snow fell at a whiteout rate of 3 to 4 inches per hour for several hours, accompanied by lightning and thunder. This was the earliest snowstorm ever to hit the Washington area. The 11.5 inches of snow that fell at National Airport easily broke an old November record of only 6.9 inches that fell on November 30, 1967. The next earliest date for a snowstorm of that magnitude occurred well into the month of December when 12 inches of snow fell on December 17, 1932. National Airport was in the heavy snow band that reached its maximum of 14 to 16 inches in western Prince George's County. Snowfall amounts were much less to the Northwest with Gaithersburg reporting only 3 to 4 inches of snow. Both Boston and Providence received 10 inches of snow early also setting new season records. On November 12th, a high temperature 48 degrees F allowed for a quick return to normal road conditions for the area. (p. 92-93 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) (Ref. Wilson Weather History) Veterans Day snowstorm-record 11.5 ins. at DCA after a high of 72° on 9th---- A deepening low-pressure system brought heavy snow to the east central U.S. The Veteran's Day storm produced up to 17 inches of snow in the Washington, DC area snarling traffic and closing schools and airports. Afternoon thunderstorms produced five inches of snow in three hours. Gale force winds lashed the Middle and Northern Atlantic Coast. Norfolk VA reported their earliest measurable snow in 99 years of records. (Ref. Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) The dates 11/11/87 and 10/10/79 will both be remembered as early snows but ll/11/87 was not only early but a major snowstorm and the fourth major snowstorm in 1987. This is also a record fourth major consecutive snow giving 1987 record total of 62.2 inches at the Annandale Barcroft Hills Weather Center. From midnight November 11th to 1 A.M. some freezing mist amounted to less than .01 inches. Precipitation resumed at a few minutes before 4 A.M. as a heavy period of sleet that soon changed over to snow. The ground was already being transformed into white by 5:30 A.M. At 7:15 A.M. 2.2 inches was measured and the snow all but stopped at about 7:20 A.M. until about 7:50. Then from 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. it snowed continually. The hardest period of snow was from about 12:30 P.M. until 2:00 P.M. A flash of lightning was observed and thunder heard at 12:05 P.M. with the thunder occurring within 10 seconds of the lightning or within a distance of 2 miles. A second flash was observed and thunder heard at 12:25 P.M. but was more distant than the first. At 12:35 the snow depth was 6.5 inches and by 2:00 P.M. had accumulated to 10.8 inches giving 4.3 inches in one hour and 25 minutes which was our heaviest snow fall intensity in this thunder snowstorm. It was observed at 1:30 P.M. that snow fall was so heavy and visibility so poor that street lights came on in our neighborhood. At 3 P. M. 12.9 inches of snow was measured and by 4 P.M. 13.2 inches of snow lay on the ground and the snow had ceased except for a few flurries. (Lowell Koontz the Annandale Barcroft Hills Weather Center observer) The Snowstorm That Was NOT Forecast- (Ref.The Washington Post) 1988 Low pressure brought snow to parts of the Rocky Mountain Region. Totals in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado ranged up to 10 inches at Summitville. Evening thunderstorms produced large hail in central Oklahoma and north central Texas. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Veteran's Day was an unseasonably warm one across much of the nation east of the Rockies. Temperatures warmed into the 70s and 80s from the Southern and Central Plains to the southern half of the Atlantic coast. Thirty-four cities reported record high temperatures for the date, including Saint Louis, MO with a reading of 85 degrees. Calico, AR and Gilbert, AR reported record highs of 87 degrees. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) (Ref. Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1991 Unseasonable severe thunderstorms brought large hail up to golf ball size in parts of Connecticut during the pre-dawn hours. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1995 Strong downslope winds gusted to 124 mph at the National Center for Atmospheric Research on the mesa in Boulder, CO. Utility poles and power lines were downed leaving several hundred homes without power in Boulder, where windows were also blown out of cars. Other reports of strong wind gusts included: 104 mph atop Squaw Mountain, west of Denver, 99 mph in Golden Gate Canyon, 85 mph on Rocky Flats, and 69 mph at the Jefferson County Airport. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1996 Heavy snows fell across the Great Lakes. Cleveland, OH, Erie, PA and Syracuse, NY were blanketed under incredible snowfall. Three-day storm totals included 68.9 inches at Chardon, OH, 54.8 inches at Edinboro, PA and 50 inches at Shaker Heights, OH. 41 inches fell in downtown Erie, PA with 27 inches at the Erie Airport and 20.8 inches fell at Cleveland, OH. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2002 Tennessee and Ohio Valley Region on the 10th & 11th of November: A late-season, major outbreak of tornadoes causes damage in 13 states. A total of 75 tornadoes touch down on Sunday (10th), resulting in at least 36 deaths. (Ref. WxDoctor)

NOVEMBER   12TH 1863 A severe windstorm toppled an outhouse into the Moira River at Belleville, Ontario Canada. No trace was ever found of the woman who occupied it at the time. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1906 The mercury soared to 106 degrees at Craftonville, CA, a November record for the U.S. (The Weather Channel) 1911 Chicago, Illinois on the 11th & 12th: Chicago experiences its biggest day-to-day temperature drop. From a record high of 74°F at 4 PM on the 11th, the mercury falls to a low of 14°F by noon on the 12th – a drop of 61 F degrees in 20 hours. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1940 Temperatures fall below zero across Minnesota from being in the 60's the day before. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1959 Between noon on the 11th and noon on the 12th, a winter storm buried Helena MT under 21.5 inches of snow, which surpassed their previous 24-hour record by seven inches. (The Weather Channel) 1967 A surprise snow and ice coating paralyzed Boston during the evening rush hour. (David Ludlum) 1968 Early November snowstorm give 4 - 6 inches of snow to the Northern Virginia area. A severe coastal storm produced high winds and record early snows from Georgia to Maine. Winds reached 90 mph in Massachusetts, and ten inches of snow blanketed interior Maine. (David Ludlum) 1970 The infamous "Bangladesh Cyclone" struck the Bay of Bengal of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). It was the deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded, and one of the deadliest natural disasters in modern times.[ An estimated 300,000 people were killed as a wall of water 20 feet high swept across the low islands and settlements in the Ganges Delta. The cyclone swept over the coast of Bangladesh, producing a 49 foot storm surge. Flooding killed 500,000 people. Over 50 million people were affected by the storm. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1974 A great Alaska storm in the Bering Sea caused the worst coastal flooding of memory at Nome, AK with a tide of 13.2 feet. The flooding caused 12 million dollars damage, however no lives are lost. (David Ludlum) 1980 A rain band from Hurricane Jeannie dropped 23.38 inches of rain in 24 hours at Key West, Florida for an all-time 24 hour record. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 Heavy snow spread across much of New England. Totals in Massachusetts ranged up to 14 inches in Plymouth County. The seven inch total at the Logan Airport in Boston was their highest of record for so early in the season, and the 9.7 inch total at Providence RI was a record for November. Roads were clogged with traffic and made impassable as snowplow operators were caught unprepared for the early season snowstorm. (Ref. Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Thunderstorms developing ahead of a cold front produced severe weather in the Lower Mississippi Valley during the afternoon and early evening hours. Thunderstorms produced wind gusts to 80 mph at Bovina, MS. Morning thunderstorms drenched Atlanta, TX with more than four inches of rain. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Thirty-three cities reported record high temperatures for the date as readings soared into the 70s and 80s from the Southern and Central Plains to the Southern and Middle Atlantic Coast Region. The afternoon high of 80 degrees at Scottsbluff NE was a record for November, and highs of 76 degrees at Rapid City SD and 81 degrees at Chattanooga TN were the warmest of record for so late in the season. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1998 Heavy rains in Texas plagued many of the same areas that had been struck by severe flooding in late October. 8.44 inches of rain fell between the 12th and 14th in Victoria TX, adding to their monthly total of 10.11 inches which established a new November record. The San Bernard River surged to a record flood stage of 24.7 feet, five feet above the pervious record stage. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1999 Record warmth occurred in parts of the Western U.S. The World Cup ski races at Park City, UT had to be moved because of a lack of snow. Sheridan, WY hit 81° to set an all-time November record. Other all-time November records were set at Miles City, MT: 81, Pendleton, OR: 80°, Glasgow MT: 79°, Havre, MT: 78°, Lewiston, ID: 77°, Billings, MT: 77°-Tied and the warmest for so late in the year, Helena, MT: 75°, Missoula, MT: 73° (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2003 Los Angeles County, California: An intense rush-hour rainstorm drops up to 5 inches of rain in two hours, snarling traffic with flooded roads. (Ref. WxDoctor) On this date through the 13th, an intense storm system started with a line of severe thunderstorms and damaging winds the evening of the 12th in Southwestern Ontario Canada. By the next morning, the howling, polar winds gusted in excess of 68 mph driving snow squalls over Southwestern Ontario Canada, damaging buildings and trees and cutting power to thousands. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009 Historic Northeaster - The Richmond International Airport posted 3.51 inches which was a new record rainfall for the date. This also set a record for the most precipitation to fall in ANY November day in the past 112 years. The old record was 3.33 inches on the third of November in 1947. The Glen Allen - Springfield Park station recorded 3.01 inches of rain which is the greatest calendar day precipitation on record here also for November. The Norfolk International Airport (KORF) had a wind gust to 74 mph. The high wind gust for the Richmond International Airport was 45 mph and Glen Allen - Springfield Park station had a 35 mph gust at 14:38 hours. The rainfall was steady and continuous for 59 hours at the West Henrico Co. - Glen Allen Station. This may be the longest period of continuous rainfall driven by a NNE wind probably since the Ash Wednesday storm of March, 1962. (Reference Richmond International Airport records and West Henrico Co. - Glen Allen records)

NOVEMBER   13TH 1833 Great meteor shower Leonids from midnight to dawn-repeated in western US 1879 Nov. heat wave hits DC with second latest 80° reading ever to this date. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1881 Hailstones from a tremendous storm that hit Georgia on the 8th were still visible nearly a week later at Dry Pond, GA. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1904 This hurricane moved north to near Cape Hatteras. As the system became nontropical, cold air on the west side of the circulation set up an early snowstorm across North Carolina. A twenty-four hour rainfall record was set for November at Farmville (3.17"). Richmond, VA had 1.65 inches precipitation and 1.8 inches of snow from this storm. A Late East Coast Storms  (Ref. Richmond Weather Records.) 1933 The first dust storm of the great dust bowl era of the 1930s occurred. The dust storm, which had spread from Montana to the Ohio Valley the day before, prevailed from Georgia to Maine resulting in a black rain over New York and a brown snow in Vermont. Parts of South Dakota, Minnesota and Iowa reported zero visibility on the 12th. On the 13th, dust reduced the visibility to half a mile in Tennessee. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1938 Snowstorm across Northern Minnesota. Barometer falls to 29.31 in Duluth,MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1946 General Electric scientists produced snow in the Massachusetts Berkshires in the first modern day cloud seeding experiment. Scientist Vincent Schaefer dropped six pounds of dry ice pellets into a cloud over Pittsfield, MA. The cloud seeding experiment produced snowfall, as a 4 mile long cloud was converted into snow flurries. The success of the experiment became the basis of many weather modification projects. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (The Weather Channel) 1951 A strong tornado touched down near Morris, moving northeast to near Channahon, Preston Heights, and Tinley Park, IL. About 100 homes were badly damaged or destroyed by this tornado along its 36 mile path, with damage estimated at $7 million dollars. A separate tornado further southwest destroyed a dozen planes and several hangars at the Streator airport. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1953 Strong southeasterly winds associated with a Pacific cold front reached 70 mph at Sacramento, CA to equal their all-time record. The previous record had been established in a similar weather pattern on December 12th of the previous year. (The Weather Channel) 1981 A powerful cyclone brought high winds to Washington State and Oregon. The cyclone, which formed about 1000 miles west of San Francisco, intensified rapidly as it approached the Oregon coast with the central pressure reaching 28.22 inches (956 millibars). A wind trace from the Whiskey Run Turbine Site, about 12 miles south of Coos Bay in Oregon, showed peak gusts to 97 mph fifty feet above ground level. The wind caused widespread damage in Washington and Oregon, with 12 deaths reported. As much as four feet of snow fell in the Sierra Nevada Range of northern California. (Ref. Storm Data) 1986 High temperatures are held in the upper teens to lower 20s as arctic air pours into Lower Michigan. The high of 19° at Grand Rapids, MI is a record for the date and the coldest high temperature for so early in the season. Widespread record lows were set from the Plains to the Southeast including: International Falls, MN: -12°, Duluth, MN: -7°, North Platte, NE: -7°, Marquette, MI: -5°, Sioux City, IA: -4°, Rochester, MN: -4°, Omaha, NE: -2°, Waterloo, IA: -1°, Minneapolis, MN: 0°, Dubuque, IA: 1°, Green Bay, WI: 2°, La Crosse, WI: 2°, Madison, WI: 2°, Concordia, KS: 2°, Kansas City, MO: 3°, Rockford, IL: 3°, Ste. St. Marie, MI: 4°, Topeka, KS: 4°, Springfield, MO: 5°, Milwaukee, WI: 5°, Moline, IL: 5°, Chicago, IL: 6°, Columbia, MO: 7°, Springfield, IL: 7°, St. Louis, MO: 10°, Indianapolis, IN: 10°, Grand Rapids, MI: 10°, Paducah, KY: 10° (broke previous record by 10 degrees), Beckley, WV: 12°, Dayton, OH: 13°, Bristol, TN: 19°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 A storm moving off the Pacific Ocean produced rain and gale force winds along the northern and central Pacific coast, and heavy snow in the Cascade Mountains. Cold weather prevailed in the southeastern U.S. Five cities reported record low temperatures for the date, including Asheville NC with a reading of 21 degrees. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Low pressure brought rain and snow and gusty winds to the northeastern U.S. A thunderstorm drenched Agawam, MA with 1.25 inches of rain in fifteen minutes. Winds gusted to 58 mph at Nantucket, MA. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Thirty-two cities in the central and eastern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date as readings warmed into the 70s as far north as Michigan and Pennsylvania. Afternoon highs in the 80s were reported from the Southern Plains to the southern Atlantic coast. Columbia SC reported a record high of 86 degrees, and the high of 71 degrees at Flint MI was their warmest of record for so late in the season. (The National Weather Summary) 1999 Over 135 daily record highs were established across the western and central United States as an unseasonable 588 decameter heat ridge dominated. Lincoln and Omaha, NE set their all-time November high temperature records with 85° and 83° respectively. Lincoln broke their previous record by 11 degrees. Springfield, MO tied their all-time November record with 81° as did Idyllwild, CA with 80°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2004 An early season snowstorm took its toll on Nova Scotia, Canada. Yarmouth received 21 inches and an additional 3.4 inches the next day for a storm total of 24.4 inches, its 2nd 20 inch snowfall in 48 hours. Strong winds combined with the heavy, wet snow across the province knocked out transmission towers leaving more than 100,000 without power. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2007 A tight pressure gradient helped by strong overhead jet stream winds led to fierce winds in the Nye, MT area. Gusts to 120 mph blew roofs off houses and windows out of cars/homes. Tree/power line damage extensive; barns destroyed. Power knocked out in Livingston. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA)

NOVEMBER   14TH 1842 Mild conditions in the Midwest were misleading as a major change to colder conditions was coming. Within 36 hours, the Mississippi River at Galena, IL completely froze over and navigation would not be possible on the river there for over 5 months; not until April 15th of the following year. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1914 Atlanta, Georgia: The day's HIGH temperature of 28 degrees marks their earliest daily high below the freezing mark in Atlanta. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1920 It was 19 °F in Washington, DC the earliest minimum temperature in history less than 20° at WBO. (Ref. The Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1921 Hailstorms pounded parts of Northern AL. At Union Springs stones of 1-8 inch circumference covered the ground; Mountain Creek saw stones the size of goose eggs (and in excess of 1 lb). Livestock and poultry were pounded to death; some people hurt giving much property damage. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1959 Canadian high pressure brought extremely early season winter cold to parts of the Plains and Great Lakes. Sioux Falls, SD & Sioux City, IA tied their November record for the coldest for so early in the season with -17° and -9° respectively. Valentine, NE set a November record low with -22°. Rapid City, SD not only set their low temperature record for November but their coldest for so early in the season with -19°. Other daily record lows included: Huron, SD: -18°, Aberdeen, SD: -15°, International Falls, MN: -14°, Norfolk, NE: -12°: Tied, Duluth, MN: -3°: Tied, Des Moines, IA: -1°, Madison, WI: 2°, Rockford, IL: 4°, Milwaukee, WI: 7°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1964 With the help of a fresh three-inch cover of snow, the temperature at Ely, NV dipped to 15 degrees below zero to establish an all-time record low for the month of November. That record of -15 degrees was later equaled on the 19th of November in 1985. (The Weather Channel) 1969 Cape Kennedy, Florida: Forty-three seconds into its flight to the moon, Apollo 12 struck by lightning, knocking out its electronic navigation system, nearly forcing mission to be "scrubbed". (Ref. WxDoctor) Boston, Massachusetts had 12 days consecutive days with measurable precipitation from the 3rd to the 14th the longest period for November. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1972 Heavy snow fell in parts of New England as a major coastal storm moved up the coast. 18 inches of wet snow fell in Vermont and New Hampshire. Power lines toppled and communication was disrupted. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1974 A storm produced 15 inches of snow at the Buffalo, NY airport, and 30 inches on the south shore of Lake Erie. (David Ludlum) 1986 An early season cold wave set more than 200 records from the northwestern U.S. to the east coast over a seven-day period. For some places it proved to be the coldest weather of the winter season. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) 1987 The first major snowstorm of the season hit the Southern and Central Rockies, producing 12 inches at the Brian Head ski resort in Utah overnight. Strong and gusty winds associated with the storm reached 52 mph at Ruidoso, NM. In the eastern U.S., the temperature at Washington, DC soared to 68 degrees, just three days after being buried under more than a foot of snow. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 A massive storm produced snow and gusty winds in the western U.S., with heavy snow in some of the higher elevations. Winds gusted to 66 mph at Show Low, AZ, and Donner Summit, located in the Sierra Nevada Range of California, was buried under 23 inches of snow. Heavy rain soaked parts of California, with 3.19 inches reported at Blue Canyon. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Unseasonably warm weather prevailed east of the Rockies. Temperatures reached 70 degrees as far north as New England, and readings in the 80s were reported across the southeast quarter of the nation. Nineteen cities reported record high temperatures for the date. For the second time in the month Dallas/Fort Worth, TX equaled their record for November with an afternoon high of 89 degrees. The high of 91 degrees at Waco, TX was their warmest of record for so late in the season. Heavy snow blanketed parts of Wyoming overnight, with a foot of snow reported at Cody, and ten inches at Yellowstone Park. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1993 A ridge along the east coast provided unseasonably warm weather across the East. Locations reporting record high temperatures for the date included: Charleston, WV: 85° (broke previous record by 10 degrees), Augusta, GA: 85°, New Orleans, LA: 84°, Huntington, WV: 82°, Wilmington, NC: 82°, Roanoke, VA: 82°, Charleston, SC: 82°, Bristol, TN: 81°, Richmond, VA: 81°, Norfolk, VA: 80°-Tied, Elkins, WV: 79°, Beckley, WV: 78°, Lynchburg, VA: 78°, Salisbury, MD: 77°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1995 An early season snowstorm dropped 20-30 inches of snow in parts of Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York. Some totals included 32 inches at Somerset County, PA, 28 inches at Garrett County, MD, and 21 inches at Coudersport, PA. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1999 For the 8th straight day, record high temperatures were set across a large area of the nation. Over 300 record daily highs were set during the week, including over 3 dozen new records for November. Daily record highs included: Palm Springs, CA: 92°, Phoenix, AZ: 91°, Tucson, AZ: 90°, Raleigh, NC: 81°-Tied, Oklahoma City, OK: 80°, Lynchburg, VA: 79°, Asheville, NC: 76°, Great Falls, MT: 71°, Cheyenne, WY: 71°, Billings, MT: 70°, Cut Bank, MT: 68°, Casper, WY: 68°-Tied, Burns, OR: 66°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2005 A winter storm spread of heavy snow across parts of the Rockies; especially in Colorado where some areas picked up over a foot. Some totals included: Aspen Springs: 14 inches and near Nederland: 12 inches. Part of I-70 was closed for a time due to blowing and drifting. Winds gusted over 60 mph in some areas. Some gusts included: Sugarloaf Mountain west of Boulder: 91 mph, Georgetown: 89 mph and at the Denver International Airport: 61 mph. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

NOVEMBER   15TH 1900 A record lake-effect snowstorm at Watertown, NY produced 45 inches in 24 hours. The storm total was 49 inches. (14th-15th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1942 Edmonton, Alberta Canada's record one-day November snowfall occurred as 15.7 inches fell with temperatures dropping to -13°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1959 Cheyenne, WY recorded their greatest daily temperature change. After a high of 56°, a powerful cold front passed and by midnight that night the temperature had plummeted to -5°, a change of 61 degrees. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1961 Between the 13th and 15th occurred the earliest heavy snow recorded to fall in western Texas. A general 4 to 20 inches of snowfall whitened the area; 20 inches fell in Hartley, 16 inches in Romero and 70 mile an hour winds were reported in El Paso. In El Paso, a six year old girl was hurt when a 5 inch piece of glass (splinter from a broken window) was blown through her body. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2007 Accord Publishing, USA) 1967 A surprise snow and ice coating paralyzed Boston during the evening rush hour. New England had 1 foot of snow in north central and northeastern Massachusetts. (David Ludlum) (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1987 Thunderstorms spawned twenty-two tornadoes in eastern Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma. A tornado moving out of northeastern Texas killed one person and injured ninety-six others around Shreveport LA causing more than five million dollars damage. Tornadoes in Texas claimed ten lives, and injured 191 persons. A tornado caused more than nineteen million dollars damage around Palestine, TX. Severe thunderstorms spawned eighteen tornadoes in Mississippi and seven in Georgia. The next day, and thunderstorms in southeastern Texas produced wind gusts to 102 mph at Galveston, and wind gusts to 110 mph at Bay City, killing one person. There were a total of forty-nine tornadoes in the south central U.S. in two days. The tornadoes claimed eleven lives, injured 303 persons, and caused more than seventy million dollars damage. (Ref. Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Thunderstorms produced severe weather from Oklahoma and northeastern Texas to northern Indiana and southern Wisconsin from mid morning through the pre-dawn hours of the following day. Thunderstorms spawned forty-four tornadoes, including thirteen in Missouri, and there were more than two hundred reports of large hail or damaging winds. A tornado in central Arkansas hit Scott and Lonoke killing five people, injuring sixty others, and causing fifteen million dollars damage. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) Another tornado hit Southside, AR killing one person, injuring ten others, and causing more than two million dollars damage, and a tornado near Clarksville, AR injured nine persons and caused more than two million dollars damage. A tornado moving through the southwest part of Topeka KS injured twenty-two persons and caused nearly four million dollars damage. A tornado near Jane, MO killed one person and injured twelve others, and a tornado moving across the southwest part of O' Fallon, MO injured ten persons. Severe thunderstorms also produced hail three and a half inches in diameter east of Denison, TX, and wind gusts to 85 mph at Kirksville, MO. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Thunderstorms developing along a powerful cold front began to produce severe weather in the Middle Mississippi Valley before sunrise. By early the next morning thunderstorms had spawned seventeen tornadoes east of the Mississippi River, with a total of 350 reports of severe weather. There were one hundred reports of damaging winds in Georgia, and five tornadoes, and there were another four tornadoes in Alabama. Hardest hit was Huntsville, AL where a violent tornado killed 21 persons, injured 463 others, and caused one hundred million dollars damage. Thunderstorms in Kentucky produced hail three inches in diameter in Grayson County, and wind gusts to 110 mph at Flaherty. Thunderstorms produced severe weather in the eastern U.S. through the morning and afternoon hours. Severe thunderstorms spawned 23 tornadoes, and there were 164 reports of damaging winds. There were fourteen tornadoes in New Jersey, central and eastern New York, and eastern Pennsylvania, and 122 reports of damaging winds. A tornado at Coldenham, NY killed nine school children and injured eighteen others, and thunderstorm winds gusted to 100 mph at Malvern, PA. Thunderstorms spawned a total of thirty-nine tornadoes east of Great Plains in two days, and there 499 reports of large hail and damaging winds. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1993 A heat wave gave a 83° reading at National Airport and was the latest >80° reading ever recorded in November. (Ref. Weather Records KDCA ) The highest temperature ever recorded in Richmond, VA in November was 86 °F that occurred on three dates. The other two of these dates were on November 1st in 1974 and 1950. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC) 1994 After a serpentine track through the Caribbean Sea, Tropical Storm Gordon began affecting south Florida while located off the northeast coast of Cuba. Gordon moved slowly west-northwest, reaching the lower Florida Keys late on the 15th. On the 16th, Gordon turned northeast and accelerated, moving inland near Fort Myers in the morning and exiting into the Atlantic just north of Vero Beach in the late afternoon. After becoming a hurricane off the coast of North Carolina, then weakening to a tropical depression and moving south and west, Gordon moved ashore a second time just north of Melbourne on the 21st. The maximum sustained wind was 53 mph at Virginia Key in east Dade County, and the minimum central pressure was 995 millibars shortly after initial landfall near Fort Myers. Gordon directly caused 8 fatalities and 43 injuries. Gordon's total damage is estimated around $400 million. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1996 One of the longest and most intense early season lake effect snow squall events came to an end over western New York, northeastern Ohio, and northwest Pennsylvania. Chardon, OH was buried under 68.9 of snow over a six day period. Edinboro, PA checked in with 54.8 inches. 18.5 inches blanketed Cleveland, OH and 42 inches fell at Sherman, NY. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2001 A week of torrential rains brought serious flooding to parts of Texas. 13 inches of rain fell across parts of south Texas, breaking records in Austin and San Antonio. A resourceful woman in Travis County, Texas drove long nails into a tree to create steps for her to climb into the upper parts of the tree, escaping the floodwaters. 8.66 inches of rain fell in 24 hours at Austin, TX. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2004 Texas on the 15th through the 18th: Several days of heavy rainfall in the Texas Hill Country dumps 5 to 10 inches, producing widespread flooding. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2005 Severe thunderstorms produced over 30 tornadoes in 6 states, resulting in one fatality and at least 35 injuries (Associated Press). Some of the worst damage occurred in Henry county, Tennessee, where numerous homes and businesses were damaged or destroyed. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2006 Strong winds cause severe damage at a skating rink in Montgomery, Alabama where more than 30 preschoolers were playing. Two children suffered injuries but there were no fatalities. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2007 Tropical cyclone Sidr hit Bangladesh with sustained winds of 150 mph. More than 2 million people evacuated to emergency shelters, but still 3,000+ deaths (large improvement from 125,000+ killed by similar storm in April, 1991). Approx. 1.5 million homes destroyed or damaged. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 2008 Santa Ana winds blew from this day through the 19th bringing record highs. Winds gusted over 70 mph in the Santa Ana Mountains and over 60 mph in the northern Inland Empire. The Freeway Complex Fire burned from Corona through Chino Hills and Yorba Linda. This fire destroyed or damaged over 300 homes and four businesses. More than 30,000 acres burned and more than 40,000 evacuated. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

NOVEMBER   16TH 1933 Cold wave 19° at DCA and 17° on 17th The low temperature of 10 °F is the lowest ever recorded in Richmond, VA in November and occurred again on November 29th 1930. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC) 1958 More than six inches of snow fell at Tucson, AZ. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1959 The most severe November cold wave in U.S. history was in progress. A weather observing station located 14 miles northeast of Lincoln MT reported a reading of 53 degrees below zero, which established an all-time record low temperature for the nation for the month of November. Their high that day was one degree above zero. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1987 High winds and heavy snow created blizzard conditions across parts of eastern Colorado. Wind gusts reached 68 mph at Pueblo, and snowfall totals ranged up to 37 inches at Echo Lake. In Wyoming, the temperature dipped to 14 degrees below zero at Laramie. Strong thunderstorms in Louisiana drenched Alexandria with 16.65 inches of rain in thirty hours, with an unofficial total of 21.21 inches north of Olla. Flash flooding in Louisiana caused five to six million dollars damage. (15th-16th) (Ref. Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 A powerful low pressure system in the north central U.S. produced high winds across the Great Lakes Region, with wind gusts to 60 mph reported at Chicago IL. Heavy snow blanketed much of Minnesota, with eleven inches reported at International Falls. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 A continuation of the previous day's severe weather outbreak produced 22 tornadoes from Virginia to New York State. A straight-line wind gust blew down the cafeteria wall at the East Oldenham Elementary School near Newburg, NY, killing 9 students. The event was officially listed a weak tornado, making it the deadliest tornado in New York history. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) Snow and gusty winds invaded the north central U.S. Winds gusting to 40 mph produced wind chill readings as cold as 25 degrees below zero, and blizzard conditions were reported in Nebraska during the late morning hours. High winds around a powerful low-pressure system produced squalls in the Great Lakes Region. Winds gusted to 63 mph at Whitefish Point MI, and snowfall totals in Michigan ranged up to 19 inches at Hart, north of Muskegon. (15th-16th) (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1999 Hurricane warnings were in effect as late-season “Backwards” Hurricane Lenny threatened Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Lenny was a Category 3 hurricane with top winds of 115 mph. Lenny was not only unusual because of its late-season strength, but because of its movement from west to east across the Caribbean. Lenny was the first hurricane in recorded history to threaten Puerto Rico from the west. The unusual motion meant that some harbors normally protected from hurricanes were threatened. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2005 Regina Saskatchewan Canada's temperature plunged to a record low of -23°. Further south, San Angelo, TX tied their record low with 23°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006 An F-3 tornado strikes Riegelwood, NC causing eight deaths and twenty injuries. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History)

NOVEMBER   17TH 1819 A lightning bolt struck the spire of the Notre Dame church at mid-day. Eight hours later, the iron cross fell to the ground. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1869 Hurricane force winds blew all of the cars of a train off the tracks near Boston Corners, NY. The derailed cars fell down a 75 foot embankment. An ensuing fire burned up the mail and baggage car. Three people died. There were major losses of timber in New England's Berkshire and Green Mountains. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) (David Ludlum) 1894 The temperature at Oklahoma City, OK fell to 9°, establishing their coldest reading for so early in the season. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1918 Intense November rain of 0.27 inches in 5 minutes and 0.32 inches 10 minutes in Baltimore, MD. 1927 A tornado (at times to 260 yards wide) cut a seventeen-mile path across Alexandria, Virginia across the District of Columbia (Navy yard to Benning Rd. & 19th St. NE); and northeast to East Riverdale, MD. injuring 31 persons. The tornado struck the Naval Air Station where a wind gust of 93 mph was recorded. A waterspout was seen over the Potomac River ninety minutes later. There was a lot of damage but no deaths; 31 were injured. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1933 A cold wave dropped the minimum temperature to 17 °F in Washington, DC. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1941 Richmond, VA had a 47 °F daily temperature range on this date which was the greatest range for November and occurred on the 15th and 17th. The greatest daily range was 51 °F in January 1978. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) 1953 The temperature at Minneapolis MN reached 71 degrees, their warmest reading of record for so late in the autumn. (The Weather Channel) 1955 An early season cold snap finally came to an end throughout Montana. Helena, MT experienced 138 consecutive hours of subzero temperatures, including a record low of -16°. Other locations from the Northwest to the southern Plains reporting record lows for the date included: Havre, MT: -26°, Sheridan, WY: -13°, Rapid City, SD: -5°, Billings, MT: -6°, Denver, CO: 5°, Spokane, WA: 9°, TX: 23°-Tied, Dallas (DFW), TX: 26°, Dallas, TX: 29°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1958 A deep upper level trough covered most of the west bringing record low temperatures. Bishop, CA recorded a low temperature of 5° which is the coldest November reading ever. This also broke their previous record by 11°. It was 10° in Idyllwild, CA tying their lowest temperature on record for November. Other record low temperatures for the date included: Alamosa, CO: -10°, Casper, WY: -9°, Flagstaff, AZ: -8°, Reno, NV: 1°, Burns, OR: 4°, Tucson, AZ: 24°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1959 The most severe November cold wave in U.S. history was in progress. Many locations from the Plains to the Appalachians reported record low temperatures: Williston, ND: -10°, Rapid City, SD: -9°, Duluth, MN: -9°, Aberdeen, SD: -8°, Sioux Falls, SD: -7°, St. Cloud, MN: -6°, Sioux City, IA: -4°, Rochester, MN: -4°, Waterloo, IA: -3°, Grand Island, NE: -2°, Scottsbluff, NE: -2°, Des Moines, IA: -2°, Madison, WI: -1°, Marquette, MI: -1°, Green Bay, WI: 0°, La Crosse, WI: 0°, Rockford, IL: 0°, Milwaukee, WI: 1°, Houghton Lake, MI: 1°, Chicago, IL: 3°, Peoria, IL: 3°, Columbia, MO: 4°, Springfield, MO: 4°, Springfield, IL: 4°, Indianapolis, IN: 4°, South Bend, IN: 4°, Ste. St. Marie, MI: 4°, Lincoln, NE: 5°, Topeka, KS: 5°, St. Louis, MO: 6°, Fort Wayne, IN: 6°, Kansas City, MO: 7°, Lansing, MI: 7°, Wichita, KS: 8°, Grand Rapids, MI: 9°, Dayton, OH: 9°, Lubbock, TX: 10°, Evansville, IN: 10°, Cincinnati, OH: 10°, Toledo, OH: 10°, Tulsa, OK: 11°, Pittsburgh, PA: 11°, Lexington, KY: 12°, Paducah, KY: 12°, Detroit, MI: 13°, Columbus, OH: 13°, Louisville, KY: 13°, Buffalo, NY: 13° ,Cleveland, OH: 14° , Wichita Falls, TX: 15°, Rochester, NY: 15° -Tied, Charleston, WV: 16°, Huntington, WV: 16° -Tied, Abilene, TX: 17°, Nashville, TN: 18°, Dallas (DFW), TX: 20°, San Angelo, TX: 20°, Bristol, TN: 20°, Dallas, TX: 21°, Oak Ridge, TN: 24°, Waco, TX: 25°, Austin, TX: 28°, San Antonio, TX: 30°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 A storm in the Rockies produced 21 inches of snow at the Monarch ski resort in Colorado, with 14 inches reported at Steamboat Springs CO. Early morning thunderstorms in the southeastern U.S. drenched Mary Esther FL with 4.43 inches of rain. Gale force winds over the Great Lakes Region gusted to 49 mph at Johnstown, PA. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Another in a series of storms brought heavy snow to the mountains of the western U.S. Totals ranged up to 17 inches at Bob Scott Summit in Nevada. Winds around Reno, NV gusted to 80 mph. The Alta and Sundance ski resorts in Utah received 14 inches of snow. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Freezing temperatures over spread the southeastern U.S. in the wake of the severe weather outbreak of the previous two days. Eight cities reported record low temperatures for the date, including Gilbert, AR with a reading of 8 degrees. A fast moving storm blanketed the Great Lakes Region and Upper Ohio Valley with snow during the night. Totals ranged up to 12 inches at Pellston, MI and Little Valley, NY. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1999 Hurricane Lenny became the first hurricane ever to strike the islands of the Lesser Antilles from the west. The menacing Category 4 storm was dubbed "backwards or left-handed Lenny" because of its unusual motion. Packing winds of 140 mph and a 15 foot storm surge, it moved just south of the island of St. Croix in the Virgin Islands and later near St. Maarten with winds of 145 mph. Only two other tropical storms have moved west to east across the open waters of the Caribbean. The central pressure in the hurricane dropped to 933 millibars or 27.55 inches of mercury , making it as strong as Hurricane David while in the Caribbean in 1979. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2008 Santa Ana winds blew across southern California courtesy of high pressure across the Great Basin. Winds gusted over 70 mph in the Santa Ana Mountains and over 60 mph in the northern Inland Empire. The Freeway Complex Fire burned from Corona through Chino Hills and Yorba Linda. This fire destroyed or damaged over 300 homes and four businesses. More than 30,000 acres burned and more than 40,000 evacuated. The ridge was responsible for record high temperatures including: Downtown Los Angeles, CA: 91°, Phoenix, AZ: 87°, Tucson, AZ: 87°, Bakersfield, CA: 84°, Hanford, CA: 82°, Merced, CA: 82°, Fresno, CA: 81°, Las Vegas,NV: 81°, Madera, CA: 80°, Bishop, CA: 77°, San Francisco, VA: 73°-Tied, Eugene, OR: 70°-Tied, Ely, NV: 69°-Tied and Quillayute, WA: 60°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2013 The 10th of the top 10 weather events of 2013 was the Midwest tornado outbreak of November 17. One of the nation’s three most damaging November outbreaks on record resulted in 74 tornadoes across the Ohio Valley, including the EF4 that destroyed large parts of Washington Illinois. (Ref.Weatherwise May/June 2013 page 15) 2014 As of the midday hours on Tuesday Nov. 18th, an unofficial snowfall measurement of 60 inches has been recorded in the past 24 hours in Lackawanna, New York, just south of Buffalo. However, snowfall of 4 feet or more has been observed in some of the south towns. Depending on the investigation of snowfall measurement activities, and if the intense snow continues through the evening Tuesday, there is a chance the 24-hour United States snowfall record may fall. That official record belongs to Silver Lake, Colorado, with 76 inches, spanning April 14-15, 1921. A report of snowfall of 77 inches in 24 hours at Montague, New York, was thrown out by officials from January 1997. Snowfall measurement of 60 inches just south of Buffalo, NY (Ref.Alex Sosnowski, Expert Senior Meteorologist November 18, 2014; 3:59 AM ET) TOP 10 U.S. Weather Events 2014 Lake Effect Snows: November 17-21. Two rounds of extremely heavy snowfall off Lake Erie dropped up to 88 inches near Buffalo, New York, closing all major highways, collapsing over 100 roofs, and leaving 13 dead. Ref. (Weatherwise MAY- JUNE 2015, page 14)

NOVEMBER   18TH 1421 The St. Elizabeth's Flood in the Netherlands killed 10,000 people as 72 Dutch villages were swept away when dikes were breached by waves. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1873 A severe storm raged from Georgia to Nova Scotia causing great losses to fishing fleets along the coast. In Maine, the barometric pressure reached 28.49 inches at Portland. Boston, Massachusetts recorded its lowest November pressure of 28.73 inches of mercury. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) (David Ludlum) 1891 Highest barometer reading ever recorded for November 30.85 inches at WBO at that time. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1921 54 inches of snow and sleet closed the Columbia River Highway around The Dalles, OR area. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1929 An earthquake off the coast of the Grand Banks, Newfoundland caused a submarine landslide that triggered a tsunami that killed people on the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland. The undersea landslide damaged several miles of transatlantic telegraph cables, resulting in much of the $400,000 dollars in damage. The tsunami was felt as far away as South Carolina and Portugal. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1953 The temperature at Minneapolis, MN, reached 71 degrees, their warmest reading of record for so late in the autumn. (The Weather Channel) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1955 An early season cold snap finally came to an end. Helena MT experienced 138 consecutive hours of subzero temperatures, including a reading of 29 below zero, which surpassed by seven degrees their previous record for the month of November. Missoula MT broke their November record by 12 degrees with a reading of 23 below zero, and Salt Lake City, UT smashed their previous November record of zero with a reading of 14 below. Heavy snow in the Great Basin closed Donner Pass, CA, and total crop damage from the cold wave amounted to eleven million dollars. (David Ludlum) 1957 A tornado, 100 yards in width, traveled a nearly "straight as an arrow" 27-mile path from near Rosa, AL to near Albertville, AL, killing three persons. A home in the Susan Moore community in Blount County was picked up and dropped 500 feet away killing one person. (The Weather Channel) 1967 A moist subtropical storm that started on this day ended on the 21st. 14+ inches of precipitation fell in the mountains above Los Angeles, CA, 7.96 inches fell at Los Angeles. Flooding was called the “worst since 1934.” Two people were killed and 400 others were stranded in the mountains due to closed highways. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1986 The first of two successive snowstorms struck the northeastern U.S. The storm produced up to 20 inches of snow in southern New Hampshire. Two days later a second storm produced up to 30 inches of snow in northern Maine. (Ref. Storm Data) 1987 It was a windy day across parts of the nation. Gale force winds whipped the Great Lakes Region. Winds gusting to 80 mph in western New York State damaged buildings and flipped over flatbed trailers at Churchville. In Montana, high winds in the Upper Yellowstone Valley gusted to 64 mph at Livingston. Strong Santa Ana winds buffeted the mountains and valleys of southern California. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Thunderstorms developing along a warm front drenched Little Rock, AR with 7.01 inches of rain, smashing their previous record for the date of 1.91 inches. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 A second surge of arctic air brought record cold to parts of the north central U.S. Eleven cities in the Upper Midwest reported record low temperatures for the date, including Rochester MN with a reading of 4 degrees below zero. Strong winds ushering the arctic air into the north central U.S. produced squalls in the Lower Great Lakes Region. Snowfall totals in northern Ohio ranged up to twenty inches in Ashatabula County and Geauga County. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1999 Hurricane Lenny stalled near the island of St. Maarten in the northern Leeward Islands for much of the day, with winds near 145 mph, a pressure of 939 millibars or 27.73 inches of mercury and dropping between 25 and 30 inches of rain that led to widespread flooding. The highest rainfall totals included: Gendarmarie, St. Martin: 34.12 inches, Port Louis Gendarmarie, Guadeloupe 17.28 inches, Jayuya, Puerto Rico: 14.64 inches and Granard, St. Croix: 10.47 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2014 As of the midday hours on Tuesday, an unofficial snowfall measurement of 60 inches has been recorded in the past 24 hours in Lackawanna, New York, just south of Buffalo. However, snowfall of 4 feet or more has been observed in some of the south towns. Depending on the investigation of snowfall measurement activities, and if the intense snow continues through the evening Tuesday, there is a chance the 24-hour United States snowfall record may fall. That official record belongs to Silver Lake, Colorado, with 76 inches, spanning April 14-15, 1921. A report of snowfall of 77 inches in 24 hours at Montague, New York, was thrown out by officials from January 1997 because too many measurements were taken in the 24 hour period. Snowfall measurement of 60 inches just south of Buffalo, NY (Ref.Alex Sosnowski, Expert Senior Meteorologist November 18, 2014; 3:59 AM ET) Maximum Snowfall: Lake Erie 65" (S. Cheektowaga); Lake Ontario 22" (Philadelphia) Duration: 48 hours. The epic November 17-19th 2014 lake effect event will be remembered as one of the most significant winter events in Buffalo’s snowy history. Over 5 feet of snow fell over areas just east of Buffalo, with mere inches a few miles away to the north. There were 14 fatalities with this storm, hundreds of major roof collapses and structural failures, 1000s of stranded motorists, and scattered food and gas shortages due to impassable roads. (Ref.NWS, Buffalo,NY) TOP 10 U.S. Weather Events 2014 Lake Effect Snows: November 17-21. Two rounds of extremely heavy snowfall off Lake Erie dropped up to 88 inches near Buffalo, New York, closing all major highways, collapsing over 100 roofs, and leaving 13 dead. Ref. (Weatherwise MAY- JUNE 2015, page 14)

NOVEMBER   19TH 1798 On this date through the 21st, the infamous “Long Storm” swept across the northeastern U.S. spreading heavy snow from Maryland to Maine. The storm dumped a foot of snow at New York City and New Haven, CT, and as much as three feet in parts of Maine and New Hampshire. This storm opened the famous Long Winter of 1798-99 which continued to drop snow across parts of the northeast as late as May. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1921 The Columbia Gorge ice storm finally came to an end. In Oregon, 54 inches of snow, sleet and glaze blocked the Columbia River Highway at the Dalles. Apart from traffic on the river itself, all transportation between Walla Walla WA and Portland OR came to a halt. Nine trains were stopped as railroads were blocked for several days. (David Ludlum) 1930 23 people died in an unusually strong F4 tornado that carved a 7 mile path from west of the Oklahoma City metro area through Bethany, OK. Five students and a teacher were killed as they dove for cover in the Canal Creek School. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1957 Nineteen inches of snow covered the ground at Cresco IA, a record November snow depth for the state. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (The Weather Channel) 1964 After a major snowstorm, arctic air covered the region. Big Bear Lake, CA plunged to -15°, their lowest temperature on record for November, the third lowest temperature on record, and the earliest date in the season to record a temperature below zero. Idyllwild, CA fell to 10°, tying their lowest temperature on record for November with 11/17/1958. Victorville, CA fell to 8°, their lowest temperature on record for November. Other daily record lows for the date included: Fresno, CA: 29°-Tied, Stockton, CA: 30°, Long Beach, CA: 35°, San Francisco Airport, CA: 35°, Los Angeles (LAX), CA: 38° and Los Angeles (Downtown), CA: 39°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1973 A tornado occurred in McClain County near Blanchard, and tracked north northeastward to near Moore in Cleveland County, Oklahoma. A total of 67 trailers were destroyed in Moore, resulting in 3 fatalities. Another tornado touched down in and near Tonkawa, in Kay County, damaging 180 homes, 20 businesses, and the local high school. Four trailer homes and four businesses were destroyed. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1974 Ashland City, Tenn.--The body of a hunter was found at the foot of a tree. He was apparently up in the tree when lightning passed from the trunk of the tree to him. A ski mask he was wearing showed burn marks. (Ref. Lightning-The Underrated Killer.pdf) 1975 A low pressure located in Oklahoma moved north across Kansas, Iowa and into Wisconsin by the 20th. What began as light rain across eastern South Dakota and the tri- state area around Sioux Falls quickly turned to snow on the 19th. Winds increased to near 50 mph with gusts to 75 mph resulting in widespread blizzard conditions. Snow amounts of 6 to 15 inches fell over an area southeast of a line from Todd to Aurora to Grant County in South Dakota. Snow amounts were generally 8 to 10 inches across extreme northwest Iowa. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) June in the Western Pacific Ocean became a Super-Typhoon with maximum sustained winds that peaked at 185 mph with a minimum central pressure of had a central barometric pressure of 876 millibars or 25.87 inches of mercury. Luckily, June stayed well east of Philippines before moving north then northeast east of Japan. June was a Category 5 Super Typhoon from 06z on this date through 00z on the 21st. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1981 An unusually early snowstorm struck the Twin Cities of Minnesota, with as much as a foot of snow reported. The weight of the heavy snow caused the newly inflated fabric dome of the Hubert Humphrey Metro dome in downtown Minneapolis to collapse and rip. (The Weather Channel) 1985 Hurricane Kate moved south of Key West, FL causing downed power poles, power lines, trees, and branches. Two people were killed when their small boat capsized in heavy seas. Another man was electrocuted when he stepped on a downed power line. Two days later, Kate made landfall between Panama City and Apalachicola, FL. Tides ran 8 to 10 feet above normal. Many houses were damaged by fallen trees. Many power poles and lines were downed. Several roads were washed out. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) A deep upper level trough out west brought record lows for the date including: Ely, NV: -15°, Spokane, WA: -9°, Billings, MT: -8°, Casper, WY: -7°, Lander, WY: -7°, Yakima, WA: 4°, Boise, ID: 7°, Grand Junction, CO: 8°, Bishop, CA: 9°, Salt Lake City, UT: 13°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 A sharp cold front pushed across the Great Lakes Region and the Mississippi Valley. Northwest winds gusting to 50 mph in Iowa caused some property damage around Ottumwa, and wind chill readings reached 16 degrees below zero at Hibbing MN. Showers and thunderstorms over Florida produced 5.80 inches of rain in six hours at Cocoa Beach. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Strong thunderstorms developed during the mid morning hours and produced severe weather across eastern Texas and the Lower Mississippi Valley into the wee hours of the night. Thunderstorms spawned twenty-one tornadoes, including thirteen in Mississippi. One tornado killed two persons and injured eleven others at Nettleton, MS, and another tornado injured eight persons at Tuscaloosa, AL. Thunderstorms produced baseball size hail in east Texas and northern Louisiana, and Summit, MS was deluged with six inches of rain in four hours. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Gale force winds continued to produce squalls in the Lower Great Lakes Region early in the day. Snowfall totals in western New York State reached 24 inches in southern Lewis County, with 21 inches reported at Highmarket. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the Northern and Central Plains Region. Eight cities reported record high temperatures for the date, including Denver CO with a reading of 79 degrees. (Ref. Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1998 Dr. T. Theodore Fujita died at age 78. Much of what is now acceptable knowledge of tornadoes and severe thunderstorms was researched by Dr. Fujita. His discovery of microburst led to the installation of Doppler radar at airports to enhance safety. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2007 Accord Publishing, USA) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1999 Lenny weakened to a tropical storm over the Virgin Islands after wreaking havoc for several days on an unusual west to east trek across the Caribbean. The storm was the fifth major November hurricane on record. Its west-east track made it a once-in-a-century event. Other major November hurricanes included: a Category 4 Hurricane in 1912, a Category 4 Hurricane in 1932, Category 4 Hurricane Greta in 1956, Category 3 Hurricane Kate in 1985. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2001 There was no measurable precipitation from Oct. 17th - Nov. 19th 2001 (A 34 day period). This is still as of 2007 the longest period without measurable precipitation in the past 27 years at Annandale Weather Center. (Annandale Weather Records) 2003 Flooding affected the central Appalachians and Eastern Seaboard, with some isolated 8-inch rainfall totals across mountainous areas. There were 11 deaths caused by flooding in the region (Associated Press) 2008 More than 1,500 cars and trucks were stranded overnight on the Trans-Canada Highway near the Cobequid Pass, Nova Scotia Canada. The winter's first major storm dumped wet snow that drifted around in strong winds and reduced visibility. During the height of the storm, whiteout conditions left traffic at a standstill overnight along a seven and a half mile stretch of the highway. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2014 It’s looking like this storm could turn out to be one of the history books, meteorologists agreed. “This will be a historic event. Absolutely. It is a historic event,” said Dave Zaff, also with the weather service. Around 70 inches of snow is expected in the heaviest bands through at least Thursday (Nov.20, 2014). The week’s totals will undoubtedly rival the all-time snowfall record for Buffalo, which was 81.6 inches over the course of five days in 2001. This will be a historic Lake Effect Snow Event(Ref. Capital Weather Gang) Pictures That Capture the Deep Lake Effects Snow Near Buffalo, New York. 24 Pictures of Lake Effect Snows (Ref.Matt Stopera ) Maximum Snowfall: Lake Erie 65" (S. Cheektowaga); Lake Ontario 22" (Philadelphia) Duration: 48 hours. The epic November 17-19th 2014 lake effect event will be remembered as one of the most significant winter events in Buffalo’s snowy history. Over 5 feet of snow fell over areas just east of Buffalo, with mere inches a few miles away to the north. There were 14 fatalities with this storm, hundreds of major roof collapses and structural failures, 1000s of stranded motorists, and scattered food and gas shortages due to impassable roads. (Ref.NWS, Buffalo,NY)

NOVEMBER   20TH 1869 A second great windstorm in three days struck Vermont and New York blowing railroad trains off their tracks. (David Ludlum) 1879 A hurricane that formed in the Caribbean Sea moved across Cuba then raced N to Labrador. Although the storm remained a considerable distance from the Atlantic seaboard, Cape May, NJ, measured a wind gust to 112 mph. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1900 An unusual tornado outbreak in the Lower Mississippi Valley resulted in 73 deaths and extensive damage across Arkansas, Mississippi and Tennessee. (David Ludlum) 1914 The high temperature of 28 degrees at Atlanta GA was their earliest daily high below the freezing mark. (The Weather Channel) 1942 Six-day heat wave occurred at DCA and Baltimore with a peak temperature of 79°F. (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1953 Freezing rain hits parts of Minnesota. 3 inches of ice on wires at telephone wires at Lake Benton, MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1977 Northern and western portions of South Dakota were hammered by a strong winter storm that began the previous day ending on this date. The storm moved rapidly from Colorado across eastern Nebraska and into Minnesota producing widespread snowfall across the area. Generally snowfall totals ranged from 5 to 15 inches. Winds of 50 mph produced blowing snow which greatly reduced visibilities and drifted snow up to 5 feet deep. The storm also caused the derailment of a freight train in northeast South Dakota. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1979 A blizzard struck Cheyenne, WY producing a record 19.8 inches of snow in 24 hours, and a record total of 25.6 inches in forty hours. Strong winds created huge drifts stopping all transportation. (19th - 21st) (The Weather Channel) A few locations from Texas to the Mid-Atlantic reported record high temperatures for the date including: Del Rio, TX: 83°-Tied, Atlanta, GA: 79°-Tied, Memphis, TN: 78°, Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 75° and Oak Ridge, TN: 74°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 Kate intensified to a major Category 3 Hurricane and as she moved west of Key West, FL wit top winds of 115 mph and a minimum central pressure of 954 millibars or 28.17 inches of mercury. The next day Kate made landfall between Panama City and Apalachicola, FL. Tides ran 8 to 10 feet above normal. Many houses were damaged by fallen trees. Many power poles and lines were downed. Several roads were washed out. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 Blustery northwest winds created snow squalls in the Great Lakes Region and the Upper Ohio Valley. Snowfall totals in Upper Michigan ranged up to 18 inches at Paradise. Lake City MI received 9.5 inches of snow in four and a half hours. Up to a foot of snow blanketed Oswego County in western New York State. Strong winds produced wind chill readings as cold as 22 degrees below zero at Duluth MN. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Thunderstorms developing ahead of a fast moving cold front produced severe weather in the Upper Ohio Valley and the Middle Atlantic Coast Region during the afternoon and early evening. Thunderstorm winds gusted to 69 mph at Kennedy Airport in New York City, and winds along the cold front itself gusted to 56 mph at Cincinnati, OH. The same storm produced snow in Kansas, Missouri and Illinois, with eight inches reported at Rolla, MO. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Low pressure brought thunderstorms and high winds to the northeastern U.S. There were 193 reports of damaging winds with thunderstorms in New York State, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Tornadoes touched down near Seaside Park, NJ and McAlevys Port, PA. Winds with thunderstorms gusted to 92 mph at Poughkeepsie, NY, and reached 94 mph at Newburgh, NY. High winds in the Washington, DC area, gusting to 73 mph, resulted in one death. (Storm Data) (The National Weather) 1994 Strong west winds whipped across parts of West Texas and most of the southern Plains. Wind gusts to 63 mph were recorded by the NWS at Lubbock International Airport, with a gust to 60 mph reported in Plainview. The high winds also caused lowing dust, with visibilities reduced to a half mile at times. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2004 Thundersnow started during evening in the upper California desert and snow continued through the 22nd. Widespread reports of two feet with drifts to three feet came from Wrightwood, Lake Arrowhead, Big Bear and the Palm Springs Tramway, at 8,500 feet. The snow level was as low as 1,000 feet. 18 to 20 inches of snow fell in foothills south of Yucca Valley, 14 inches fell in Phelan, 9 to 12 inches in Hesperia and Apple Valley, 9 inches in Yucaipa and Calimesa and up to 3 inches throughout the southern Inland Empire. Tree damage resulted in lower elevations, which caused house damage and power outages. Snow lined I-10 near Calimesa for a few days following the end of the snow. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) A hailstorm dropping hailstones as big as walnuts triggered blasts from previously unexploded and undiscovered bomblets scattered across the landscape across southern Lebanon. No injuries were reported. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2007 A winter storm beginning the previous day through this date brought moderate to heavy snow across northern and central Rockies. While generally 2 to 6 inches fell across parts of Colorado, higher amounts were reported further north. Snowfall totals included: Roscoe, MT: 13 inches, Red Lodge, MT: 12 inches, Big Timber, MT: 10 inches, Pray, MT: 8 inches, Livingston, MT: 7 inches, Fort Collins, CO: 7 inches, Boulder, CO: 6 inches, Wilsall, MT: 6 inches and Billings 5.5" (their 1st measurable snow of the season). (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009 Alaska from November 17th to the 21st: Bitter cold remains entrenched in central Alaska where high temperatures on the 20th only reaches the -40 °F range at Bettles and the morning temperature hit -46°F . Bettles has recorded lows of -45°F or below for five consecutive days. The lowest recorded was -47°F on both the 19th and 21st. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2014 It’s looking like this storm could turn out to be one of the history books, meteorologists agreed. “This will be a historic event. Absolutely. It is a historic event,” said Dave Zaff, also with the weather service. Around 70 inches of snow is expected in the heaviest bands through at least Thursday (Nov.20, 2014). The week’s totals will undoubtedly rival the all-time snowfall record for Buffalo, which was 81.6 inches over the course of five days in 2001. This will be a historic Lake Effect Snow Event (Ref. Capital Weather Gang) Pictures That Capture the Deep Lake Effects Snow Near Buffalo, New York. 24 Pictures of Lake Effect Snows (Ref.Matt Stopera ) 2015 Season's first snow is Chicago's largest November snowfall in 120 years starting on November 20 and ending on the 21st. The season's first snowfall dropped as much as 17 inches across Chicago's northern suburbs, and the total of 11.2 inches at O'Hare International Airport made it the largest November snowfall in 120 years. Digging out after Saturday November 21st first significant snowstorm of the season dumped between a few inches and 20 inches of snow across the Upper Midwest, blanketing a swath from South Dakota to Michigan. Shows the Heavy Snowfall Rate of 1 to 2 inces per hour. A Chart showing the Heavy Snowfalls That Have Occurred in November. The Chicago Story of the 11.2 inch snowfall (Ref. Chicago Tribune ) Shows the heaviest snowfalls that have occurred in November. Wisconsin had up to 20 inches of snow (NWS)

NOVEMBER 21ST 1798 A four-day storm was in progress in the northeastern U.S. The storm dropped a foot of snow on New York City and New Haven, and as much as three feet in Maine and New Hampshire. The snowstorm ushered in a long and severe winter, in some places the ground remained covered with snow until the following May. (David Ludlum) Northeastern States from November 19th to the 21st: The infamous Long Storm sweeps across the the northeastern US spreading deep snow from Maryland to Maine. The storm dumps a foot of snow on New York City and New Haven, and as much as three feet on Maine and New Hampshire. Storm opens the famous Long Winter of 1978-99 which continues to drop snow on the region as late as May. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1876 Boston, Massachusetts on the 20th and 21st had 5.43 inches of rain the greatest 24 hour precipitation for November. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1900 79° the peak of a 6-day heat wave from 18th -23rd at WBO, Baltimore also 79° (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1924 Boston, MA. ended their longest period with no precipitation at 44 days. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1961 (20th-21st) Unusually heavy, early-season snow blanketed much of New England. Inland totals generally 5-15 inches, but 20+ inches in Conway, NH; 30 inches in Stratton, ME and The Forks, ME. 25.0 inches in Greenville, ME set its all-time 24-hr record and broke its November record by 9 inches. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1967 Excessive rains in southern California caused the most severe flooding and the most damaging mudslides in 33 years. Downtown Los Angeles received eight inches of rain, and 14 inches fell in the mountains. (David Ludlum) 1977 Arctic high pressure with an upper level trough brought record cold from the northern Rockies to the Pacific Northwest. Record low temperatures for the date included: Hardin, MT: -30° , Boulder, MT: -25°, Butte, MT: -24°, Wisdom, MT: -21°, Billings, MT: -18° (high was only 5 above), Sheridan, WY: -17°, Lander, WY: -14°: Tied, Rapid City, SD: -7°, Yakima, WA: 6°, Salt Lake City, UT: 7°, Olympia, WA: 11° and Seattle, WA: 21°. In contrast, Brownsville, TX set a record high with 89°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1979 The Upper Plains was hit with heavy snow through the 22nd as the storm raced northeast into Canada. Snowfall totals were in the 6 to 13 inch range with generally lesser amounts across northwest Iowa and southwest Minnesota. Sioux Falls, SD reported the highest storm total at 13 inches. Sioux Falls' 24-hour total through the 22nd of 11.8 inches is the heaviest 24-hour snow total in the month of November on record for the city. Moderate winds of 20 to 35 mph made travel difficult at times, but nowhere near as bad as a classic Dakota ground blizzard. Across the Rockies, some storm totals included: Wheatland, WY: 30 inches, Cheyenne, WY: 25.6 inches, Kimball, NE: 17 inches and 12.8 inches at Scottsbluff, NE. In contrast, on the west coast, Quillayute, WA set a record high with 60°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 Hurricane Kate made landfall during the evening hours near Mexico Beach FL. Wind gusts to 100 mph were reported at Cape San Blas, FL. It was the latest known hurricane to hit the U.S. so far north. (Ref. The Weather Channel) Kate's Storm Track - Weather Underground 1987 Squalls in the Lower Great Lakes Region and the Upper Ohio Valley produced 14 inches of snow at Snowshoe, WV, and nearly eight inches at Syracuse, NY. Eleven cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Record lows included 21 degrees at Pinson, AL, 9 degrees at Syracuse, NY, and 8 degrees at Binghamton, NY. Gale force winds lash the Middle and Northern Atlantic Coast, and the strong northwesterly winds produced wind chill readings as cold as 30 degrees below zero. Winds gusting to 60 mph at Trumansburg, NY toppled a chimney onto a nearby truck. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 High winds accompanied rain and snow in the northeastern U.S. Caribou ME received eight inches of snow in six hours, and Fort Kent ME was blanketed with a total of fourteen inches of snow. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 The storm that produced thunderstorms and high winds in the northeastern U.S. the previous day, produced snow and high winds in New England, with blizzard conditions reported in Maine. Winds gusted to 55 mph at Boston, MA, and reached 58 mph at Augusta ME, and hurricane force winds were reported off the coast of Maine. Snowfall totals ranged up to 18 inches at Vanceboro ME, with 17 inches at South Lincoln VT. There were thirty-five storm- related injuries in Maine. (Ref. The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1992 The November 21st – 23rd tornado outbreak was the 3rd largest outbreak in recorded history and one of the longest continuous outbreaks ever recorded. There was no break in tornado activity from 1:30 pm on the 21st when the tornadoes started in Texas until 7:30am on the 23rd, when the last tornadoes lifted in North Carolina. On this date, severe thunderstorms spawned 6 tornadoes within 70 minutes in the Houston metro area in Texas. At one time, there were three on the ground in Harris County. The strongest, an F4, tracked 20 miles through the eastern suburbs of Houston destroying 200 homes and damaging 1,000 more. In total, 23 tornadoes struck Mississippi and Alabama. An F4 tornado killed 12 people on a 128-mile track through 7 Mississippi counties. The deadliest tornado of 1992, an F4 tornado killed 12 people on a 128 mile track through 7 counties in Mississippi, one of the bodies was blown a quarter mile into a tree. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1996 Brutal cold invaded Montana bringing record low temperatures for the date including: Havre, MT: -27°, Shelby, MT: -25°, Cut Bank, MT: -23°, and Stanford, MT: -18°. In contrast, Corpus Christi, TX set a record high with 91°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999 Forests across the east became tinderboxes, with up to 60,000 acres burned in the Appalachians. Moist air from the Pacific shifted farther north than usual, leaving the South and Southwest drier and warmer than normal. Crawfish farmers in Louisiana were feeling the effect as their ponds were drying up. Hunters also reported that waterfowl were bypassing dry central Louisiana in favor of coastal areas. In contrast, the first significant snow of the season struck the Colorado Rockies. Snowfall totals included: Bailey, CO: 16 inches, Evergreen, CO: 13 inches, North Turkey Creek, Genesee, Morrison and Sedalia, CO: 12 inches, Conifer and Evergreen, CO: 11 inches, Louisville, CO: 10 inches, Brighton, Broomfield and Denver, CO: 9 inches and Arvada, Castle Rock and Eldorado Springs, CO with 8 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2000 A blinding snowstorm buried Vladivostok, Russia with as much as 5 feet of snow shutting everything down. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2004 Southern California from November 21st to 22nd: Up to 3 feet of snow blankets Southern California's San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains east of Los Angeles. and even whiten nearby desert areas. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2014 Pictures That Capture the Deep Lake Effects Snow Near Buffalo, New York. 24 Pictures of Lake Effect Snows (Ref.Matt Stopera ) Maximum Snowfall: Lake Erie 65" (S. Cheektowaga); Lake Ontario 22" (Philadelphia) Duration: 48 hours. The epic November 17-19th 2014 lake effect event will be remembered as one of the most significant winter events in Buffalo’s snowy history. Over 5 feet of snow fell over areas just east of Buffalo, with mere inches a few miles away to the north. There were 14 fatalities with this storm, hundreds of major roof collapses and structural failures, 1000s of stranded motorists, and scattered food and gas shortages due to impassable roads. (Ref.NWS, Buffalo,NY) TOP 10 U.S. Weather Events 2014 Lake Effect Snows: November 17-21. Two rounds of extremely heavy snowfall off Lake Erie dropped up to 88 inches near Buffalo, New York, closing all major highways, collapsing over 100 roofs, and leaving 13 dead. Ref. (Weatherwise MAY- JUNE 2015, page 14) 2015 Season's first snow is Chicago's largest November snowfall in 120 years starting on November 20 and ending on the 21st. The season's first snowfall dropped as much as 17 inches across Chicago's northern suburbs, and the total of 11.2 inches at O'Hare International Airport made it the largest November snowfall in 120 years. Digging out after Saturday November 21st first significant snowstorm of the season dumped between a few inches and 20 inches of snow across the Upper Midwest, blanketing a swath from South Dakota to Michigan. Shows the Heavy Snowfall Rate of 1 to 2 inces per hour. A Chart showing the Heavy Snowfalls That Have Occurred in November. The Chicago Story of the 11.2 inch snowfall (Ref. Chicago Tribune ) Shows the heaviest snowfalls that have occurred in November. Wisconsin had up to 20 inches of snow (NWS) The Chicago 2nd largest November Snowstorm of 11.2 inches (Ref. Weatherwise page 44) The Chicago 2nd largest November Snowstorm of 11.2 inches (Ref. Weatherwise page 45)

NOVEMBER   22ND 1641 An observer at Boston, MA recorded a "great tempest of wind and rain from the southeast all night, as fierce as a hurricane, and there upon followed the highest tide which we have seen since our arrival here". (David Ludlum) 1720 New York City had an early severe cold snap. Doctor Colden wrote "my ink freezes as I write". (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1957 Extremely destructive Santa Ana winds blew from Oxnard to San Diego and inland parts of southern California. The high winds produced a 28,000-acre brush fire on a 40-mile front west of Crystal Lake. People were ordered off streets in some areas due to flying debris. (21st-22nd) (Ref. The Weather Channel) 1961 Hailstones 4 inches in diameter severely damaged all roofs of the region located about 25 miles southwest of Bradley Texas. Most of the area was ranch land so damage to property was small. However, a lot of dead deer were found in open areas literally beaten to death by the hail. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2007 Accord Publishing, USA) 1979 One last record from the 1979 winter storm: Cheyenne, WY’s deepest snow cover on record was recorded on this day with a snow depth of 26 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1983 A snowstorm dumped 2 to 6 inches of snow over a large part of northwest, southwest and central Iowa. In addition, freezing rain accompanied the snow in some locations. The result was extremely hazardous roads and highways, with a glaze of ice underneath the snow. Power lines were downed by the ice, and many rural communities lost power for hours. Portland, OR received their 25th straight day of rain. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1984 A strong low pressure system developed east of Florida, and coupled with a high pressure to the northwest created a strong pressure gradient that led to gale force winds along the east coast. As the low moved slowly north heavy rains of up to 7 inches fell over south Florida. Palm Beach, FL received 4 inches of rain in 4 hours. There was extensive coastal flooding and beach erosion with many structures damaged or destroyed. Fishing piers and seawalls were damaged or destroyed. Damage ran into the millions and was confined to the shore except where heavy rain in the south caused local flooding. A man was killed when he stepped on a downed power line. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 Eight cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Also Elkins West Virginia reported a low of 5 degrees above zero today. Gale force winds continued along the Northern Atlantic Coast. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Wet and windy weather prevailed across the western U.S., with heavy snow in some of the higher elevations. Winds gusted to 62 mph at Vedauwoo, WY, and reached 75 mph at Tillamook, OR. Shelter Cove, CA was drenched with 4.37 inches of rain in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Strong northerly winds produced squalls along the shore of Lake Michigan, with heavy snow in extreme southeastern Wisconsin. Milwaukee WI received nine inches of snow, and in Racine County there were more than one hundred automobile accidents. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) An area of low pressure moved off the east coast bringing the first snow of the season to the parts of the Mid-Atlantic. Beginning on this day ending on the 23rd, Philadelphia, PA recorded 4.6 inches of snow fell, one of their earliest fall snow storms that produced 4 inches or more of snow. Other local totals included: 3.8 inches at Baltimore, MD, 3.5 inches at Reagan National Airport in Washington, DC, 2.2 inches at Dulles Airport at Sterling, VA, 2.2 inches at Williamsport, PA, 2 inches at Salisbury, MD, 2 inches at Avoca, PA and close to an inch at Harrisburg, PA. Binghamton, NY set a record low with 10°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1992 45 tornadoes touched down in the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys. Georgia was hard hit with two F4, one F3 and three F2 tornadoes that killed 6 people and injured 144. Indiana had a total of 15 tornadoes on this day to set a record for an outbreak in November and for the month of November. One, an F4 multiple-vortex type, cut a 22-mile path through extreme southeastern Indiana and northern Kentucky. This tornado debunked the myth that twisters don't cross rivers, as this devastating tornado crossed the Ohio River twice. Indiana had a total of 15 tornadoes on this day to set two state records, the largest November tornado outbreak and the most tornadoes in November. This tornado outbreak made a significant contribution to what was to become the biggest November ever for the U.S. in terms of number of tornadoes. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1993 A major, slow-moving snowstorm affected much of South Dakota from this date through the 27th producing prolific amounts of snow. The heaviest snow amounts in the 2 to 3 foot range occurred in northeast South Dakota and in the northern Black Hills. Storm total snowfall amounts included: 37.7 inches at Lead, 31.8 inches at Westport, 28 inches at Britton, and 25.3 inches at Aberdeen. The 25.3 inches at Aberdeen was a single storm snowfall record and it made this November the snowiest November on record in Aberdeen. Much of the eastern third of South Dakota was brought to a standstill on the 24th bringing an early start to the Thanksgiving Holiday. The weight of the snow collapsed numerous structures in northeast South Dakota. Strong northwest winds and cold temperatures followed the storm plunging wind chill values to -50°. Snowfall across northwest Iowa and southwest Minnesota for the storm was generally 5 to 9 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999 The first significant snowstorm of the year pounded Colorado with up to 20 inches of snow at Fairplay southwest of Denver and 9 inches in Denver. The snowstorm reduced visibilities, causing a massive 83 car pileup on I-70 west of Denver. Two people were killed and 30 were injured in the giant accident. The first blast of wintry weather followed unusually warm weather that had Denver averaging 12 degrees above normal for the first 3 weeks of the month. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2003 Record snow falls across the southern Yukon as a Pacific storm system moved inland. The weather station on the Klondike Highway recorded 8.7 inches of snow. Mayo Airport measured 8.3 inches, the greatest daily November snowfall since records began in 1926 and the fourth snowiest day ever. A few locations out west reported record low temperatures for the date including: Spokane, WA: -5°, Madera, CA: 27°, Merced, CA: 28°, Hanford, CA: 29° and Redding, CA: 29°-Tied. St. Paul, AK tied their record high with 43°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2007 Alaska: Unseasonably mild temperatures prevail across Alaska. Seldovia reports a high of 52°F, Homer records 49°F (9.4°C), and Anchorage and Fairbanks both report 40°F highs. (Ref. WxDoctor)

NOVEMBER 23RD 1880 Cool wave set three records lows for the date at WBO, 12° /22nd, 12° /23rd, 13°/24th. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1909 Rattlesnake Creek was deluged with 7.17 inches of rain in 24 hours to establish a record for the state of Idaho. (Ref. The Weather Channel) 1912 Lake Michigan: A freshwater fury, an intense storm on the Great Lakes, sinks the Rouse Simmons, a 127-foot schooner, sank off Two Rivers, Wisconsin. Owned by Captain Herman Schuenemann, the Rouse Simmons was affectionately dubbed the "Christmas Tree Ship" because every year Schuenemann transported Christmas trees from Wisconsin to Chicago via Lake Michigan. Schuenemann and 16 others died in the sinking. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1931 A ridge across extending from the Midwest to the east and a trough out west spelled record temperatures. Grand Rapids, MI hit 70, their warmest on record for so late in the season. Other daily record highs included: Charleston, WV: 86°, Huntington, WV: 78°, Boston, MA: 77°, Tupelo, MS: 76°, Cincinnati, OH: 75°, Cleveland, OH: 75°, Knoxville, TN: 75°, Nashville, TN: 75°, Syracuse, NY: 75°, Hartford, CT: 75°, Akron, OH: 74°, Youngstown, OH: 74°, Newark, NJ: 74°, Rochester, NY: 74°, Worcester, MA: 74°, Columbia, MO: 73°, Springfield, IL: 72°, Indianapolis, IN: 72°, Columbus, OH: 72°, Beckley, WV: 72°, Elkins, WV: 72°, Allentown, PA: 72°, Avoca, PA: 72°, Pittsburgh, PA: 72°, Albany, NY: 72°, New York (Central Park), NY: 72°, Providence, RI: 72°, Philadelphia, PA: 72°-Tied, Peoria, IL: 71°, South Bend, IN: 71°, Toledo, OH: 71°, Harrisburg, PA: 71°, Chicago, IL: 69°, Detroit, MI: 69°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1943 Northern New Hampshire was in the grips of a record snowstorm, which left a total of 55 inches at Berlin, and 56 inches at Randolph. The 56-inch total at Randolph established a 24-hour snowfall record for the state. In Maine, Middle Dam received a record 35 inches of snow in 24 hours. (David Ludlum) 1960 The Tiros II weather satellite was launched. It recorded 25,574 photographs during its 10 month lifespan. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1974 Bismarck, ND was in the middle of a 5-day snowstorm during which 28.3 inches fell, the greatest amount on record. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1982 (23rd-24th)Hurricane Iwa struck the Hawaiian islands of Niah, Kauai and Oahu. Winds gusted above 130 mph and sustained winds were near 100 mph. Honolulu had gust to 81 mph. Total damage was well over $200 million. Iwa was the first hurricane to strike Hawaii in 23 years since Dot had hit the islands in August 1959. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1983 BA 24-hour snowfall record for Duluth, MN was broken with 16.9 inches. 19.7 inches fell during the entire storm, also a record. Ahead of the storm, high pressure brought record high temperatures from parts of the Great Lakes to the Tennessee Valley including: Montgomery, AL: 81°, Jackson, KY: 74°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 Rain and gale force winds prevailed along the Northern Pacific coast. Quillayute WA received 1.57 inches of rain in 24 hours, including nine tenths of an inch in six hours. Heavy snow fell over northern Oregon and the Cascade Mountains of Washington State. Temperatures began to moderate in the eastern U.S. following a bitterly cold weekend. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Low pressure crossing the Great Basin brought wintry weather to parts of the western U.S. Up to a foot of snow blanketed Yellowstone Park, and winds gusted to 70 mph at Casper, WY, and reached 95 mph near Reno, NV. Up to seven inches of rain was reported in the Grass Valley and Nevada City area of California. Paradise, CA was soaked with 5.37 inches of rain in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) Tropical Storm Keith moved across the Florida Peninsula, entering near Sarasota after midnight and exiting just north of Melbourne late in the morning. Most of the convection had been sheared off before the storm crossed Florida. Most of the weather associated with Keith was to the north of the track. Maximum rainfall was 11 inches at Largo. Damage was near $3 million dollars, mostly due to the storm surge. In Lee County damage was estimated at $1.5 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1989 Low pressure tracking across the Carolinas brought heavy rain to parts of the Southern Atlantic Coast Region for Thanksgiving Day, and blanketed the Middle Atlantic Coast States and southern New England with heavy snow. The storm produced up to nine inches of snow over Long Island, NY, and up to 14 inches over Cape Cod, MA, at Yarmouth. Totals of 4.7 inches at New York City and 6.0 inches at Newark NJ were records for Thanksgiving Day, the 8.0 inch total at Providence RI was a record for any given day in November, and the 6.5-inch total at Strasburg CT was a record for the month of November as a whole. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991 A winter storm dropped 6 to 12 inches of snow across parts of Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin. La Crosse, WI set a new record for 24-hour snowfall with 13 inches. This storm brought the monthly total to 28.2 inches, also a record. A few locations on the east coast reported record high temperatures including: Wallops Island, VA: 69°, New York (LaGuardia), NY: 63°-Tied and Islip, NY: 61°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1992 As school buses hit the road for their morning pickups in the area around Elizabeth City, NC, the drivers were unaware that a series of tornadoes was approaching. Just before 7:30 am, one busload of students watched from a ditch as their bus was blown 75 yards by a tornado. Fortunately, the students and driver were unharmed. Overall, two F3 tornadoes struck in North Carolina resulting in 2 deaths and 59 injuries. This was the last day of the 3-day outbreak in which 93 tornadoes touched down claiming 25 lives. Record highs were set from North Carolina into southern New England including: Norfolk, VA: 81°, Wilmington, NC: 81°-Tied, Wallops Island, VA: 77°, Cape Hatteras, NC: 76°, Atlantic City, NJ: 74°, New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 71°, Islip, NY: 70°, New York (LaGuardia), NY: 70°, Bridgeport, CT: 67°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) Out west, a pre-Thanksgiving blizzard struck the Rockies from with wind gusts to 40 mph caused near white-out conditions. The strong winds drove snow into drifts of more than 4 feet in places. Flights were cancelled at the airport in Denver. Snowfall totals included: 19 inches at Littleton, CO, 16 inches at Castel Rock, CO, Story, MT: 14 inches, 12 inches at Conifer, Morrison & Wheat Ridge, CO, 9 inches at Brighton, CO, 8 inches at Aurora, CO, 7 inches at Sheridan, WY, 6 inches at Parker, CO & Burgess Junction, MT and 5 inches at Red Lodge, MT. 45 inches of snow fell in 24 hours at Alta, UT to set their all-time record for snowfall in a 24-hour period breaking their previous record of 38 inches set on 12/1-2, 1982. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2001 An F2 tornado in Hunt County, Arkansas destroyed three chicken houses that contained 120,000 chickens near the town of Hunt. Most of the chickens were killed. Tragically, the tornado also resulted in death of a woman in a mobile home. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2003 A trough extending from the Rockies to the West Coast brought record low temperatures for the date including: Pueblo, CO: -6°, Denver, CO: -3°, Grand Junction, CO: 4°, Hanford, CA: 24°, Madera, CA: 26°, Stockton, CA: 26°, Merced, CA: 27° and Eureka, CA: 30°. Paducah, KY hit 70°, setting record high temperature for the date while Buffalo, NY tied their afternoon high with 70°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2004 An outbreak of severe thunderstorms produced reports of 54 tornadoes across portions of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Alabama. In Texas's Hardin county, one person was killed with three injured when a tornado struck during the afternoon. (Associated Press)

NOVEMBER 24TH 1812 Southwesterly winds of hurricane force sank ships and unroofed buildings at Philadelphia and New York City. (David Ludlum) 1863 The "battle above the clouds" was fought on Lookout Mountain near Chattanooga. Pre-frontal clouds obscured the upper battlefield aiding a Union victory. (David Ludlum) 1931 A ridge of high pressure across the east and a trough out west brought a variety of record temperatures across the country. Record highs across the east included: Charleston, WV: 87°, Montgomery, AL: 79°-Tied, Athens, GA: 77°, Huntington, WV: 76°, Roanoke, VA: 75°, Tupelo, MS: 74°, Nashville, TN: 74°, Washington, DC: 73°, Asheville, NC: 73°, Boston, MA: 72°, Beckley, WV: 71°, Worcester, MA: 70°, Syracuse, NY: 70°, Lexington, KY: 70, Cincinnati, OH: 70, Cleveland, OH: 70, Allentown, PA: 69, Erie, PA: 69°, Harrisburg, PA: 69°, Providence, RI: 69°, Hartford, CT: 69°, Pittsburgh, PA: 69°, Newark, NJ: 69°, Elkins, WV: 69°, Concord, NH: 68°, Albany, NY: 68°, Buffalo, NY: 68°, New York (Central Park), NY: 68°, Philadelphia, PA: 68°, Akron, OH: 68°, Columbus, OH: 68°, Dayton, OH: 68°, Chicago, IL: 67°, Springfield, IL: 67°, Williamsport, PA: 66°, Wilmington, DE: 66°, Toledo, OH: 66°, Grand Rapids, MI: 66°, Peoria, IL: 66°, Mansfield, OH: 65°, Burlington, VT: 65°, Rockford, IL: 65°, South Bend, IN: 65°, Portland, ME: 64°, Lansing, MI: 64°, and Ste. St. Marie, MI: 62°. Chicago, IL had a morning low of 30°, their latest first freeze on record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1938 The low temperature of 15° at Las Vegas, NV set the all-time coldest temperature in November. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1950 The temperature at Chicago IL dipped to 2 below zero to equal their record for the month established on the 29th in 1872. On the first of the month that year Chicago established a record high for November with a reading of 81 degrees. Fort Wayne, IN experienced their coldest November day, with an all-time record cold November high of 9° and an all-time November record low of -1°. Wichita Falls, TX set their November record low temperature on this date with 14°. High temperatures of 6° at Springfield, IL and 8° at Peoria, IL both established the coldest November high temperature on record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. The Weather Channel) 1970 Strong Chinook winds struck the Colorado Rockies. The National Center for Atmospheric Research at Boulder reported a wind gust to 97 mph while downtown Boulder reported a peak gust to 69 mph. Some minor damage resulted. Record high temperatures followed the next day. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1971 Snowfall for Thanksgiving (the following day), at Washington, DCA 1.4 inches, and Baltimore Maryland 1.0 inch caused a bad traffic snarl. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1982 Typhoon Iwa lashed the Hawaiian Islands of Niihau, Kauai, and Oahu with high winds and surf. Winds gusting to 120 mph caused extensive shoreline damage. Damage totaled 150 million dollars on Kauai, and fifty million dollars on Oahu. The peak storm surge on the south shore was six to eight feet. It marked the first time in 25 years that Hawaii had been affected by a hurricane. (Ref. The Weather Channel) 1983 The 24 hour snowfall record at Duluth, MN was broken with 16.5 inches and a storm total of 19.7 inches. This broke the old record of 15.7 inches, which occurred on 11/16-17/1968. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1985 Many locations from the Pacific Northwest to the Plains reported record low temperatures for the date including: Grand Forks, ND: -28°, Bismarck, ND: -26°, Glasgow, MT: -19°, Aberdeen, SD: -16°, Huron, SD: -15°, Kalispell, MT: -13°, Yakima, WA: -11°, Pendleton, OR: -11°, Sheridan, WY: -11°, Spokane, WA: -9°, Sioux Falls, SD: -9°:Tied, Valentine, NE: -7°, Billings, MT: -2°, Rapid City, SD: -2°, Olympia, WA: 0°, Boise, ID: 5°, Denver, CO: 7°, Salem, OR: 11°, Portland, OR: 13°, Seattle, WA: 16°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 Showers and thunderstorms produced heavy rain in southern Missouri, southeast Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma. Flooding was reported in Greene County of southwestern Missouri. Springfield, MO was drenched with more than six inches of rain. Thunderstorms over southern Texas produced more than eight inches of rain in Caldwell County and Hayes County, and thunderstorms over south central Oklahoma produced one-inch hail at Temple twice within an hour. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Low pressure brought heavy snow and high winds to the Northern and Central Rockies. Snowfall totals in Colorado ranged up to 40 inches at Wolf Creek Pass, with 27 inches falling in 24 hours. Telluride CO received 32 inches of snow, and winds atop Mines Peak gusted to 95 mph. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 "Mother Nature" completed a one-two punch in the northeastern U.S., as record cold temperatures followed in the wake of record snows. A dozen cities reported record low temperatures for the date. Morning lows of one degree above zero at Hartford CT, 3 degrees at Portland ME, and 6 degrees at Providence RI, were records for November. Houlton ME was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of 14 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) 1992 A major winter storm was in progress across the Texas Panhandle, western Oklahoma, and western Kansas. Near blizzard conditions prevailed that contributed to a massive 200 car pile up on Interstate 40 in Amarillo, TX. All traffic was brought to a virtual standstill in the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles. 19 inches of snow with drifts over 6 feet was reported at Laverne, OK. Heavy snow and blizzard conditions occurred across a large area of southwest Kansas. Snowfall amounts ranged from 17 inches at Liberal to 15 inches at Garden City and Dodge City, KS. This snow began a period that marked the snowiest winter on record for Dodge City. Most roads and highways in the Garden City, Dodge City, Meade, Greensburg, Coldwater, and Liberal, KS areas were closed with snowdrifts of 2 to 5 feet. Snow drifts as high as 15 feet were reported at Hugoton, KS. Widespread visibilities of a quarter of a mile and less were also reported from the early afternoon through early the next morning. There were two fatalities from the storm. Estimates from area farmers and feed lot owners indicated that as many as 5,000 head of cattle may have perished during the storm. Behind the storm, Pocatello, ID reported a record low of -6°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1993 Bismarck, ND was in the middle of a 5 day snowstorm, over which time 28.3 inches of snow fell on the city, their greatest snowstorm on record. Behind the storm many locations reported record low temperatures for the date including: Casper, WY: -19°, Cheyenne, WY: -16°, Sheridan, WY: -14°, Great Falls, MT: -13°, Burns, OR: -12°, Billings, MT: -11°, Denver, CO: -8°, Pueblo, CO: -7°, Rapid City, SD: -5°, Boise, ID: 0°, Medford, OR: 17°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2002 A winter storm across the northern Rockies beginning the previous day produced over a foot in some areas. Snowfall totals included: Burgess Junction, MT: 15 inches, Dayton, MT: 11 inches, Story, MT: 10 inches and Sheridan, WY: 7 inches.. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

NOVEMBER 25TH 1703 The greatest windstorm ever recorded in the southern part of Great Britain, reaches its peak intensity which it maintains through November 27. Winds gust up to 120 mph, and 9,000 people perish in the mighty gale. This gives rise to the claims that there have been five lighthouses on Eddystone Rock. Winstanley's tower lasted until the Great Storm of 1703 erased almost all trace on 27 November. Winstanley was on the lighthouse, completing additions to the structure. No trace was found of him. (1703 Great Storm of 1703 - Wikipedia.org) 1784 A great windstorm at Bennington, VT and the "Violent Southeast Storm" at Portsmouth, NH seemed to be an analog of a similar storm of 1950. Portsmouth had a very high tide and flooding. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1918 Southern California had its worst windstorm in 40 years as wind gusts at Mt. Wilson reached 96 mph. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1926 Arkansas: Killer tornado strikes Belleville and Portland. 53 die. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1938 It was the largest snow of record for November. Thanksgiving night & 26th snowstorm, 6.4 at WBO with .6 sleet, 8.5 at Baltimore Early heavy snowstorms dumped 6.4 inches in Washington, DC and Northern Virginia and as much a one to 2.5 feet of snow in western Maryland and the Virginia mountains. Hundred of automobiles were snowbound on the highway during the Thanksgiving holiday travel period. Three Virginians died in the storm. (Ref. Virginia Weather History) 1950 A great storm hit the Northern and Central Appalachians with snow and high winds. Winds reached hurricane force along eastern slopes of the Appalachians, with gusts to 100 mph at Hartford CT, 110 mph at Concord NH, and 160 mph at Mount Washington, NH. Heavy rain also hit the eastern slopes, with eight inches reported at Slide Mountain, NY. The western slopes were buried under heavy snow. The storm produced record snowfall totals of 27.7 inches at Pittsburgh, PA, and 36.3 inches at Steubenville, OH. The snow, and record cold temperatures, resulted in 160 deaths. (25th-26th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) Columbus, Ohio: Record low temperature of 5°F (-15°C) greets the fans heading for the Michigan-Ohio State football game. But this was no ordinary tilt between the conference rivals. Played under heavy, blowing snow, it became known as the Blizzard Bowl. (Ref. WxDoctor) Locations reporting their COLDEST NOVEMBER TEMPERATURE ON RECORD included: Neillsville, WI: -16°, Muskegon, MI: -14° (beat the previous record by 29 degrees) and Grand Rapids, MI: -10°. Other daily record low temperatures included: Chicago, IL: 0°, Springfield, IL: 0°, Cincinnati, OH: 0°, Beckley, WV: 1°, Huntsville, AL: 1°, Asheville, NC: 1°, Dayton, OH: 3°, Atlanta, GA: 3°, Elkins, WV: 4°, Bristol, TN: 5°, Charleston, WV: 6°, Athens, GA: 7°, Pittsburgh, PA: 7°, Roanoke, VA: 9°, Lynchburg, VA: 11°, Charlotte, NC: 14°, Charleston, SC: 15°, Raleigh, NC: 16°, Harrisburg, PA: 16°, Wilmington, NC: 20°, Washington, DC: 21°, Pensacola, FL: 22°, Norfolk, VA: 22°, Cape Hatteras, NC: 26°, Orlando, FL: 31°, Galveston, TX: 38° and Fort Myers, FL: 39°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1958 Strong pre-frontal Chinook winds struck the foothills in Colorado. A wind gust of 100 mph was reported northwest of Denver and a gust of 88 mph was reported at Rocky Flats south of Boulder. The windstorm caused considerable structural damage to residential sections in parts of Denver. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1970 The temperature at Tallahassee FL dipped to 13 degrees, following a high of 40 degrees the previous day. The mercury then reached 67 degrees on the 26th, and highs were in the 70s the rest of the month. (Ref. The Weather Channel) (Ref. Wilson Wx. - Additional Temperature Records) 1971 A big Thanksgiving snowstorm dumped 1 to 2 feet of snow over interior sections of the Mid Atlantic and the Northeast. The Wilkes-Barre Scranton area in Pennsylvania had 20.5 inches of snow to set a new all-time 24 hour snowfall record. Albany, NY was buried under 22.5 inches for a new November and early season record as well as the 5th heaviest snowfall on record. Cobleskill, NY received 26 inches. 10 to 20 inches of snow fell inland areas of Massachusetts with coastal flooding and damage. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1983 The "Great Thanksgiving Weekend Blizzard" hit Denver CO. The storm produced 21.5 inches of snow in 37 hours, closing Stapleton Airport for 24 hours. The snow and wind closed interstate highways around Denver. Visibility at Limon CO was down to zero for 24 hours. (Ref. The Weather Channel) 1985 Upper level low pressure over western Canada and a trough brought record low temperatures from the northern Rockies to the Pacific Northwest including: Great Falls, MT: -21°, Glasgow, MT: -20°, Duluth, MN: -16°, Helena, MT: -15°, Billings, MT: -11°, Sheridan, WY: -9°, Yakima, WA: -7°, Burns, OR: -5°, Marquette, MI: -4°, Spokane, WA: -3° , Rapid City, SD: -2°, Boise, ID: 3°, Pendleton, OR: 4°, Lewiston, ID: 6°, Salem, OR: 12°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 An early morning thunderstorm in southeastern Texas produced high winds, which rolled a mobile home east of Bay City killing two of the four occupants. Thunderstorms produced locally heavy rains in central and eastern Texas, with nine inches reported at Huntsville, and 8.5 inches at Wimberly. Snow fell across northern and central Lower Michigan, with totals ranging up to nine inches at Cadillac. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Thunderstorms produced severe weather in Arkansas, eastern Oklahoma and northwest Texas during the day and into the night. Thunderstorms in Texas produced softball size hail at Alba, and wind gusts to 80 mph at Krum. Hail and high winds caused nearly five million dollars damage at Kaufman, TX, and strong downburst winds derailed twenty-eight freight cars at Fruitvale, TX. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 A strong Pacific storm dumped one to three feet of snow on higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada Range of California and Nevada. Snowfall totals in California ranged up to 38 inches at Donner Summit, with 30 inches at the Sierra Ski Ranch. The storm also produced heavy snow in Oregon, with 23 inches reported at Santiam Pass. Another storm crossing the Central Rockies produced 12 to 18 inches of snow in the northern and central mountains of Colorado. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1993 A storm system brought wintry weather from the central Plains to the upper Midwest. Heavy snow fell over portions of northwest, north-central and central Wisconsin with amounts ranging from 6 to 13 inches. Snow covered roads led to multiple accidents. Browning, WI reported 13 inches and Austin, MN had 2.5 inches liquid equivalent, their wettest November day. Atop Squaw Mountain near Idaho Springs, CO reported a wind gust of 99 mph. The Thanksgiving Day game between the Dallas Cowboys and Miami Dolphins was memorable because of the weather. Heavy sleet during the game covered the field with a thick white coating and made play difficult. The Dolphins won on a last second field goal. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) Behind the storm, a deep upper level low & surface high pressure brought record low temperatures including: Havre, MT: -23°: Tied, Lander, WY: -15°: Tied, Kalispell, MT: -14°, Casper, WY: -12°, Cheyenne, WY: -11°, Missoula, MT: -10°, Burns, OR: -9°, Winnemucca, NV: -6°, Pueblo, CO: -6°, Colorado Springs, CO: -4°, Norfolk, NE: -3°, Goodland, KS: -1°, Pendleton, OR: 2°, Lewiston, ID: 2°, Salt Lake City, UT: 3°, Dodge City, KS: 3°, Lincoln, NE: 4°, Concordia, KS: 6°, Amarillo, TX: 8°, Topeka, KS: 11°, Wichita, KS: 11°, Portland, ME: 11°-Tied, Bishop, CA: 12°, Olympia, WA: 13°, Oklahoma City, OK: 15°, Eugene, OR: 16°, Medford, OR: 16°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006 Football players and 13,000 fans brave wind chills as low as -25° at the Canadian college football championship at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

NOVEMBER, 26th 1703 400 windmills were destroyed by the greatest gale in the history of England caused by an intense low that passed just north of London. Many of the huge structures burned down from fires which started as their blades turned wildly in 80 mph winds. In London, roofs blew off and chimneys were toppled. The famed Eddystone Lighthouse was toppled by heavy seas. 123 people died on land, and another 8,000 died at sea as hundreds of vessels from the British fleet were lost, including four Men-Of-War. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1888 A late season hurricane brushed the East Coast with heavy rain and gale force winds. The hurricane passed inside Nantucket and over Cape Cod, and then crossed Nova Scotia. (David Ludlum) 1888 Storm Track - Weather Underground 1896 Snow and high winds hit the Northern Plains and the Upper Mississippi Valley, with a Thanksgiving Day blizzard across North Dakota. The storm was followed by a severe cold wave in the Upper Midwest. The temperature at Pokegama Dam MI plunged to 45 degrees below zero. (David Ludlum) 1950 Boston, Massachusetts on the 25th and 26th had a great easterly gale that caused $15 million damage. The strongest one minute average wind velocity was from the southeast at 80 mph. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1965 Snowstorm across northern U.S. with 14.7 inches at Duluth, MN 13.6 inches at Grand Rapids. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1970 The world's wettest minute on record occurred as 1.50 inches of rain fell in just 60 seconds at Barot on Guadeloupe in the Caribbean. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1974 A record early snow hit Caribou, ME with 22.3 inches falling in 24 hours and a storm total of 30 inches. This storm was the major contributor to Caribou's snowiest November on record at 34.9 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1979 74° on 25th and 26th are high point of 12-day heat wave 18th-29th in Washington, DC. (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) A strong cold front moved through the Mid Atlantic during the afternoon bringing thunderstorms and gusty winds. Kutztown, PA reported a gust to 70 mph, Reading, PA gusted to 65 mph, Allentown, PA gusted to 62 mph and Philadelphia, PA reported a gust to 59 mph. The gusts tore the roofs or portions of roofs off houses and other buildings. Many trees were uprooted or broken off. Rain ruined a large amount of chemicals when the roof of a storage building was blown away. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1983 A major snowstorm hit from Colorado to Wisconsin through the 28th. A fairly consistent 1 to 2 feet of snow was reported. Sydney, NE had the most with 27 inches. Blizzard conditions prevailed with wind gusts as high as 60 mph. Limon, CO reported near zero visibility in snow and blowing snow for a solid 24 hours. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1984 Copper City Utah: (25th - 26th) If conditions are right, lake effect snows can be produced by UT’s Great Salt Lake. In an 18-hour period, the South Jordan and Copper City areas received 20 inches snow, while the eastern parts of the valley picked up only a couple of inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1987 A Thanksgiving Day storm in the northeastern U.S. produced heavy snow in northern New England and upstate New York. Snowfall totals in Maine ranged up to twenty inches at Flagstaff Lake. Totals in New Hampshire ranged up to 18 inches at Errol. Gales lashed the coast of Maine and New Hampshire. A second storm, over the Southern and Central Rockies, produced nine inches of snow at Kanosh, UT, and 13 inches at Divide CO, with five inches reported at Denver CO. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Thunderstorms produced severe weather over the Central Gulf Coast States during the late morning and afternoon hours. Five tornadoes were reported in Mississippi, with the tornadoes causing a million dollars damage at Ruleville, and in Warren County. In Utah, the town of Alta was blanketed with 15 inches of snow overnight, and during the day was buried under another 16.5 inches of snow. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 A massive storm over the western U.S. produced heavy snow in Utah, Colorado, Wyoming and Montana. The storm produced more than two feet of snow in the higher elevations of northern and central Utah, bringing more than sixty inches of snow to the Alta Ski Resort in the Wasatch Mountains. Winds in Utah gusted to 60 mph at Bullfrog. The storm brought much needed snow to the ski resorts of Colorado, with 19 inches reported at Beaver Creek. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1995 Seven storms and melting snows over the period between November 27 and December 6 caused severe flooding along the Cedar River in Washington State (WA). (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2001 Tropical Storm Olga strengthened into a hurricane in the central Atlantic, making this the third hurricane to form this month. This was the first time three hurricanes had formed in the Atlantic basin in the month of November. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005 On this date through the 28th, Great Falls, MT experienced its heaviest snowstorm on record with a 3-day total of 18.1 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006 The morning temperature hit a daily record low of -44° in Dawson, Yukon Canada. For the month, Dawson was the coldest spot in Canada, averaging an incredible record-shattering average temperature of -19.1°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2007 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Lightning and heavy rain delay the start of the Monday Night Football game at Pittsburgh's Heinz Field between the Miami Dolphins and the Pittsburgh Steelers by 25 minutes. The muddy field conditions contribute to one of the lowest scoring NFL games won by the Steelers, 3-0, the game being scoreless until the last seconds. (Ref. WxDoctor)

NOVEMBER 27TH 1701 Anders Celsius, the astronomer who invented the Celsius, often called the centigrade thermometer scale was born on this date. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1883 Fire engines were called out in New York City and New Haven CT as a result of the afterglow of the sunset due to vivid red ash from the Krakatoa Volcano explosion in August. (Ref. The Weather Channel) 1898 The "Portland" storm raged across New England producing gale force winds along the coast and heavy snow inland. A foot of snow blanketed Boston, MA, and 27 inches fell at New London CT. Winds at Boston gusted to 72 mph, and wind gusts to 98 mph were estimated at Block Island RI. A passenger ship, the S. S. Portland, sank off Cape Cod with the loss of all 191 persons aboard, and Boston Harbor was filled with wrecked ships. The storm wrecked 56 vessels resulting in a total of 456 casualties. (26th- 28th) (Ref. David Ludlum) (Ref. The Weather Channel) 1912 Northern Florida on November 27th and 28th : The only recorded November occurrence of snowfall in northern Florida. Traces of snow are reported in Blounstown, Tallahassee, Marianna and Mt. Pleasant measured 0.5 inches (1.2 cm). (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1919 Very cold air covered areas from the northern Plains, Rockies to the West Coast. Cheyenne, WY recorded a high of -4° which still remains the earliest day of the season that the temperature remained below zero. Some record low temperatures for the date included: Grand Forks, ND: -16°, Clayton, NM: -1° and Medford, OR: 13°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1938 The second heavy snowfall to hit the Northeast in three days dropped a foot in parts of New Jersey and 14 inches in parts of New York. The snow in New England was the heaviest November snowfall since the Portland Storm of 1898. Philadelphia, PA reported 6.9 inches of snow, their greatest snow for any November day. 4.3 inches on the 25th and 7.2 inches from the 26th through this date brought the total of 11 inches on the ground in Philly. Washington, DC set a daily snowfall record with 6.8 inches on the 25th. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1977 Canadian high pressure brought scattered record lows from the Lakes to North Carolina while high pressure over Idaho generated offshore winds in southern California bringing some record highs. Sparta, WI fell to -18°, their coldest November temperature. Other record lows included: Grand Rapids, MI: 5°, Muskegon, MI: 5°-Tied, Bristol, TN: 15° and Raleigh, NC: 19°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1983 The barometer dropped to 28.17 inches over the Netherlands as an intense area of low pressure moved in from Ireland and England. The reading is the country's lowest pressure on record. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1985 Cold hits northern Minnesota. 30 below zero at Crookston, MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 Wet weather prevailed across much of the nation east of the Rockies. Sunny and cool weather prevailed in the western U.S. Snow fell in the central U.S., with totals in Kansas ranging up to six inches at Burr Oak. Much of the area from central Oklahoma to southwestern Minnesota experienced its first snow of the winter season. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Snow and high winds created blizzard conditions in Minnesota. Winds gusted to 63 mph at Windom, and snowfall totals ranged up to 14 inches at Aitkin. Snow drifts seven feet high closed many roads. Fargo ND reported a wind chill reading of 34 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 A storm system crossing the north central U.S. spread snow across the Dakotas and Minnesota. Heavy snow fell in western South Dakota, with 18 inches reported at Galena. Strong winds associated with the storm gusted to 50 mph in the Great Lakes Region and the Great Plains, with blowing dust reported in Kansas. Thunderstorms associated with the same storm system produced damaging winds in Michigan, Ohio and Indiana during the evening, with gusts to 73 mph reported east of Ypsilante MI. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed ahead of the cold front. Twenty-three cities from the Gulf coast to the Ohio Valley and the Mid Mississippi Valley reported record high temperatures for the date, including Saint Louis, MO with a reading of 76 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) (Ref. Wilson Wx. - Has additional temperature records.) 1990 Indian summer heat over Eastern half of U.S. set over 70 records broken over 2 days. (Ref. Wilson Wx. - Has many additional temperature records.) 1993 Barcroft Hills Weather Center in a 20-hour rain had a total of 4.95 inches on 27th & 28th, which set a new 20-year record. (Ref. Annandale Weather Records) 1994 Chicago, IL received a trace of snow making this their latest date for the first snow of the season. Their normal first snow occurs on October 30th. High pressure brought chilly weather to southern California. Bishop, CA tied their daily record low with 9° and Long Beach, CA set a new record low with 38°. Shreveport, LA tied their record high with 82°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1995 A major winter storm lashed the southern two thirds of Wisconsin with thunder, heavy snow of 6 to 14 inches between Milwaukee and Madison, sleet, freezing rain, strong gusty winds, and near-blizzard whiteout conditions. Preceding the snow over southern Wisconsin there was a two to six hour period of sleet and/or freezing rain which glazed road surfaces. This was a dangerous storm which was forecasted two days in advance. The path of the responsible low pressure was from northern Missouri to southern Ontario, Canada. Some snowfall locations in Wisconsin included: Lone Rock: 11 inches, Richland Center: 10 inches, Owen: 8 inches, Mondovi: 7 inches and Viroqua: 6 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2001 A powerful winter storm, the first of the season, dumped between 3 and 8 inches of snow across portions of central and southwest Oklahoma. Isolated reports of up to 10 inches were reported across western north Texas. By the next day, Lawton, OK had 6 inches on the ground, while Munday, TX had accumulated 14 inches. A few locations across North Carolina reported record high temperatures for the date including: Charlotte, NC: 77°, Greensboro, NC: 74°-Tied and Asheville, NC: 72°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (26th-27th) A convective snow band stayed almost stationary for approx. 12 hours today over parts of Central MN into West Central WI; many snowstorm totals > 20 inches. Willmar, MN was buried under 30.4 inches of snow. 20 inches of the total fell in a 24-hr period, thus setting its 24-hr record. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 2005 A major winter storm affected parts of Nebraska and the Dakotas during the 27th-28th. Snowfall accumulations of 16-20 inches were observed in parts of eastern South Dakota, while wind gusts exceeding 60 mph also accompanied the snow, creating blizzard conditions. Thousands of power outages were caused by the combination of strong winds and heavy snow. In South Dakota, about 8,000 utility poles and 10,000 miles of transmission line were brought down by the storm (Associated Press). (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2006 Janesville, Wisconsin: Lightning kills five buffalo at a farm near Janesville including white buffalo calf born in August. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2008 A cold air funnel cloud was captured on film near Moapa, NV. These funnels typically form as an upper level low pressure system moves overhead. They rarely touch the ground and are very weak compared to tornado funnels. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

NOVEMBER 28TH 1796 It is so cold that the freezing of the ink on the point of my pen renders it difficult to write. (Monticello - Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Mann Randolph) (Jefferson's Garden Book page 252 by Edwin Morris Betts) 1905 A Great Lakes storm produced winds at Duluth, MN of over 60 mph for more than 12 hours. Sailors aboard a ship which went aground just 100 yards offshore in Lake Superior actually froze to death. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1921 New England was in the midst of a four-day ice storm, their worst of record. Ice was more than three inches thick in many places following the storm, and property damage was in the millions of dollars. Northern New England received heavy snow with more than two feet reported in some areas. Overnight freezing rains continued through the day at Worcester, MA while the wind increased to a gale. Streets become impassable even on foot, and whole towns were plunged into darkness without communication. The storm caused 20 million dollars damage to power lines, telephone lines and trees. (David Ludlum) (26th-29th) Up to 4 inches freezing rain on E half of MA. Approx 2 tons of ice on wires between some telegraph poles; 2,700 poles fell on 1 railroad in the 60 miles W of Boston. In Worcester 50 feet high pine trees held 5 tons of ice; some deaths due to falling trees/ice. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1932 Boston, Massachusetts recorded its highest November pressure of 30.87 inches of mercury. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1955 A bitterly cold arctic air gripped areas from the southern Plains to the Great Lakes. The high temperature at Lansing was only 15° (a record low maximum), after a morning low of 6°. Meanwhile, a foot of lake effect snow piled up at Muskegon, MI. Other locations reporting record lows included: Green Bay, WI: -3°, Houghton Lake, MI: 0°, Marquette, MI: 0°, Toledo, OH: 6°, Muskegon, MI: 7°, Grand Rapids, MI: 7°-Tied, Youngstown, OH: 7°-Tied, Cleveland, OH: 8°, Detroit, MI: 8°, Springfield, MO: 10°, Evansville, IN: 12°, Paducah, KY: 13°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1960 A severe storm produced waves 20 to 40 feet high on Lake Superior. Duluth MN was buried under a foot of snow, and clocked wind gusts to 73 mph. The northern shore of Lake Superior was flooded, and property along the shore was battered. Thousands of cords of pulpwood were washed into Lake Superior, and up to three feet of water flooded the main street of Grand Marais. Thunder accompanied the "nor'easter". (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1975 The first winter storm of season was a heavy one across southern California ending the next day. Up to two feet of snow fell in the San Bernardino Mountains, including 16 inches at Big Bear Lake. 20 stranded campers were rescued after a few days. 12 inches of snow fell in Idyllwild, tying their greatest daily snowfall on record for November (11/10/1982). (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1978 A jockey at a horse racing track in Miami, FL was killed by lightning as he ran for cover after a race. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 Record coldest November temperature at Miles City, MT plunged to their coldest November temperature on record with -25°; their high for the day was only -3°. High temps at Miles City were colder than 10 above from Nov 19th trough Dec 2nd. International Falls, MN set their November record low temperature with -32°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 Low pressure in the Middle Mississippi Valley produced a mixture of snow and sleet and freezing rain from the Central Plains to the Upper Mississippi Valley. Snowfall totals in Iowa ranged up to ten inches at Red Oak. Totals in Nebraska ranged up to 11 inches at Shickley. Freezing rain made roads treacherous in the Twin Cities area of southeastern Minnesota. Bitter cold arctic air invaded the Northern High Plains Region. Laramie, WY was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of 18 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Thunderstorms spawned five tornadoes in North Carolina during the early morning hours. A powerful tornado ripped through one of the most densely populated areas of Raleigh destroying hundreds of homes and damaging thousands more. The tornado killed four persons along its 83-mile track, and injured 154 others. Total damage was estimated at more than 77 million dollars. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 Strong Santa Ana winds prevailed across southern California. Winds gusted to 70 mph at the Rialto Airport, and several tractor- trailer trucks were overturned east of Los Angeles. High winds also buffeted the northeastern U.S., ushering arctic air into the region. Winds gusted to 60 mph at Montpelier VT, and reached 66 mph at Saint Albans VT. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 2005 26th - 28th November, Great Falls, Montana: Great Falls experiences its heaviest snowstorm on record with a three-day total of 18.1 inches. 24.9 inches of snow for the month made it the snowiest November on record. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2006 A slow moving storm system brought heavy snow to the mountains and the Eastern Foothills of Colorado where snowfall totals ranges from 8 to 18 inches. Some of the higher totals included: 18 inches at Genesee, 17.5 inches near Boulder, 17 inches at Aspen Springs, 15 inches at Eldorado Springs, 14.5 inches near Jamestown, 12 inches near Indian Hills, 11.5 inches near Blackhawk, 11 inches at Gross Reservoir & Eldora and 10.5 inches at Conifer. Across the Denver Metro area 5 to 9 inches fell with the heaviest amounts near the Foothills. Higher storms totals included: 15.5 inches at Ken Caryl, 12 inches at Boulder, 7.5 inches near Morrison and 7 inches near Chatfield and Ralston Reservoirs. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

NOVEMBER 29TH 1835 -11 °F below zero at Ft. Snelling, MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1896 The mercury plunged to -51 °F below zero at Havre MT. It marked the culmination of a two week long cold wave. A stagnate high-pressure area similar to those over Siberia during the winter was the cause. During the month of November temperatures across Montana and the Dakotas averaged 15 to 25 degrees below normal. (David Ludlum) 1898 Boston, Massachusetts on the 27th and 29th had 12 inches of snow the greatest 24 hour total for the month of November. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) (Ref. Wilson Wx. Additional Info.) 1911 The world record for a 5 minute rainfall total was set in Porto Bello, Panama as 2.48 inches fell. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1921 The Worcester, MA area was especially hit by a major three day ice storm that affected central New England. Trees and wires were downed over a wide area. Millions of dollars in damage resulted. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1930 Cold wave 14° at 2416 M St. N.W. in Washington, DC with 15° recorded on the 28th - (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) The low temperature of 10 °F is the lowest ever recorded in Richmond, VA in November and also occurred on November 16th 1933. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC ) 1963 Coastal storm with a 29.04 barometer and 1.55 inches of rain at KDCA and NW winds to 33 mph. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1966 High winds struck the Chicago, IL area producing extensive damage. Winds gusted to 55 mph along the Lake Front and 48 mph at Midway Airport. The Lake Front was the hardest hit with waves up to 13 feet high. Low lying areas were inundated and property damage was extensive. A newly constructed home along the Lake Front was demolished at Long Beach, IN. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1969 Dense fog along the Jersey Turnpike resulted in a chain reaction of vehicle collisions during the morning rush hour. A propane truck jackknifed and was struck by a trailer truck, and other vehicles piled into the fiery mass. (David Ludlum) 1975 Red River was buried under 34 inches of snow in 24 hours, establishing a record for the state of New Mexico. (Ref. The Weather Channel) This was also a day for record temperatures. Some record lows were set from the Rockies to the West Coast. Fresno, CA dipped to 26° establishing their coldest temperature on record for November. Other daily record lows included: Butte, MT: -22°, Cut Bank, MT: -21°, Lewistown, MT: -11°, Casper, WY: -10°, Billings, MT: -5°, Reno, NV: 5°, Grand Junction, CO: 5°, Olympia, WA: 14°, Idyllwild, CA: 16°, Palomar Mountain, CA: 17°, Stockton, CA: 26°, Los Angeles (LAX), CA: 41° and Downtown Los Angeles, CA: 41°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 The temperature at Bismarck ND plunged to -30 °F below zero to establish their record low for the month of November. The high that day was 4 degrees below zero. (Ref. The Weather Channel) In contrast, an upper level ridge brought record highs to parts of the southeast including: Tampa, FL: 85°-Tied, Wilmington, NC: 83°, Charleston, SC: 82° and Savannah, GA: 82°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 Snow blanketed the Upper Mississippi Valley, with heavy snow reported near Lake Superior. Up to ten inches of snow was reported in Douglas County and Bayfield County, Wisconsin. Brule WI received nine inches of snow. Heavy rain soaked the Middle Atlantic Coast States, while gale force winds lashed the coastline. Flooding was reported in Maryland and Virginia. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 Nine inches of snow at Alta, UT brought their total for the month to 164 inches, surpassing their previous November record of 144 inches. Snowbird, UT, also in the Little Cottonwood Valley, surpassed their November record of 118 inches of snow. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 Strong Santa Ana winds diminished over southern California, but record cold was reported in some of the California valleys, with readings of 27 degrees at Redding and 31 degrees at Bakersfield. Gale force winds, gusting to 44 mph at Milwaukee WI, produced snow squalls in the Great Lakes Region. Sault St. Marie MI finished the month of November with a record 46.8 inches of snow. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991 The third major snowstorm of the season affected most of South Dakota, Iowa and Minnesota. A developing area of low pressure moved north out of the southern plains the previous day. The storm dumped 2 to 8 inches of snow across the area. Strong winds developed with the storm producing widespread drifting and blowing snow. Snowfall amounts included 6 inches at Sioux Falls, SD and 7 inches in Vermillion, SD. While the snow totals were not that impressive the slick roads led to a 50 car pile up in Rapid City, SD. Much of northwest Iowa was glazed with freezing rain with over 1 inch accumulating in most areas. The weight of the ice damaged trees and power lines in many communities across northwest Iowa. To add to the problems thunderstorms accompanied the freezing rain. At times a mixture of ice pellets and snow pelted the area. Overall the storm caused millions of dollars in damage in Iowa alone. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) In the warm sector, an F4 tornado tracked for 10 miles from Nixa to Springfield, MO killing 2 people, injuring 64 others and doing over $15 million dollars in damages. A dust storm, dropping visibility to less than 50 feet, occurred near Coalinga, CA caused a series of chain-reaction accidents on Interstate 5, involving a total of 104 vehicles and resulting in 17 fatalities. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1998 A strong upper level ridge and surface high pressure brought record warm temperatures ahead of a cold front from the Midwest & southern Plains to the Mid-Atlantic States. The morning low in Rochester, MN of 54° was actually higher than the previous record high for the date. The temperature reached a record high of 62°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2006 An upper level trough across the Rockies brought record low temperatures for the date including: West Yellowstone, MT: -26, White Sulfur Springs, MT: -22, Bozeman, MT: -18, Boulder, MT: -18, Ennis, MT: -18, Dillon, MT: -16, Townsend, MT: -14, Stanford, MT: -13, Livingston, MT: -12 and Virginia City, MT: -11. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009 Western Texas Panhandle: Snow falls in the western Texas Panhandle with Nazareth covered by 4.0 inches and 3.0 inches just southwest of Amarillo, Texas. (Ref. WxDoctor)

NOVEMBER 30TH 1784 The first manned balloon ascent for the purpose of taking upper air meteorological measurements took place. The balloon rose 6,500 feet into the sky over London, England. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1875 A severe early season cold wave set November records in the northeastern U.S. The temperature dipped to 5 above zero at New York City, 2 below at Boston, MA, and 13 below at Eastport ME. (David Ludlum) Boston, Massachusetts also had a 10 °F high temperature the coldest high temperature for the month of November. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1896 The southern Plains and upper Midwest was experiencing a brutally severe cold wave. Pokagama Dam, MN dropped to -43°. Daily record lows for the date included: Havre, MT: -30°, Grand Forks, ND: -25°, Williston, ND: -24°, Fargo, ND: -24°, Bismarck, ND: -21°, Duluth, MN: -20°, Lander, WY: -19°, Huron, SD: -17°, Valentine, NE: -15°, Sioux Falls, SD: -12°, Pueblo, CO: -10°, Minneapolis, MN: -10°, Norfolk, NE: -10°, Scottsbluff, NE: -10°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1898 Boston, Massachusetts on the 30th had the greatest snow depth for November of 16 inches. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1925 An extremely rare late November hurricane began to affect the west coast of Florida as it strengthened during the day. The storm made landfall very early on December 1st south of Tampa Bay, weakened to a tropical storm as it crossed central Florida, and exited around St. Augustine. The storm regained Hurricane strength off Jacksonville late on the 1st. Heavy rain continued over northeast Florida on the 2nd. Gale force winds were reported from the Keys to Jacksonville and over 50 people lost their lives, mostly on ships at sea. Damage along the coast south of Jacksonville was heavy and excessive rain and wind seriously damaged citrus and truck crops. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1929 Lowest minimum temperature for Washington, DC in November (11°) (Ref. Washington Weather Records) Richmond, Virginia had a high temperature for the day of 24 °F making it the coldest November day on record (records since 1897). (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) 1957 Lee slope winds enhanced by Hurricane Nina gusted to 82 mph at Honolulu, Hawaii, a record wind gust for that location. Wainiha, on the island of Kauai, was deluged with 20.42 inches of rain, and 35-foot waves pounded some Kauai beaches, even though the eye of the hurricane was never within 120 miles of the islands. (30th - 1st) (The Weather Channel) 1963 Boston, Massachusetts on the 29th and 30th had a southerly storm that created high waves and abnormal storm surge tides (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1964 An upper level trough and arctic surface high pressure brought extreme cold to the Plains and Midwest. Locations reporting record low November temperatures included: Minneapolis, MN: -17°, Blair, WI: -8°, Minneapolis, MN: -3° and St. Louis, MO: 1°. Other daily record lows included: International Falls, MN: -27°, Aberdeen, SD: -27°, Bismarck, ND: -25°, Duluth, MN: -23°, Huron, SD: -21°, Sioux Falls, SD: -17°, Norfolk, NE: -15°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1967 Record Nov. snowstorm: 6.9 ins. at DCA, 8.4 inches at BWI, 11.4 ins. at Dulles. A record November snowstorm struck the Washington, DC area. It produced up to a foot of snow in a 12-hour period. (David Ludlum) 1970 High winds blasted the Colorado Rockies into the eastern Plains. A wind gust of 112 mph was recorded at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and 96 mph at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, CO. Downtown Boulder recorded a gust to 76 mph. The high winds caused widespread property damage; including roofs, signs, trees and power lines. Blowing dust reduced visibility to near zero across most of eastern Colorado. Several mobile homes, campers and semis were blown off the highway north of Denver. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1976 MacLeod Harbor, AK reported a precipitation total for November of 70.99 inches, which established a state record for any month of the year. (The National Weather Summary) One of the coldest Novembers on record ended with a blast of arctic air that dropped low temperatures well below zero across the northern Plains to below freezing all the way to the Gulf Coast. Locations reporting their all-time November record lows included: Jump River, WI: -31°, Medford, WI: -19° and Necedah, WI: -19°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1981 This was the driest November at National Airport. 0.29 inches, Dulles 0.24 inches; BWI lowest min. for Nov. 30, 1929 was (11 °F). (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) A major winter storm rocked eastern sections of South Dakota and northern Iowa through December 1st. The storm began as rain and then changed to freezing rain and sleet before becoming all snow. Winds gusted to over 50 mph producing blizzard conditions. Snow accumulations in southeast South Dakota were generally 8 to 12 inches with 4 to 8 inches across northwest Iowa. In portions of north central Iowa a heavy build-up of ice from the freezing rain combined with strong winds CAUSING POWER LINES TO BOUNCE 4 TO 6 FEET SNAPPING LINES and breaking insulators resulting in numerous power outages. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 Freezing rain and thunder-snow affected many portions of Oklahoma. Winter storm warnings, severe thunderstorm warnings, and tornado watches were all issued for portions of southern Oklahoma, with golf ball size hail reported in Duncan at a temperature of 33°. This day was also known as the DAY OF THE ICE BOWL , as the Oklahoma Sooners and Oklahoma State University played each other in Stillwater, on a virtual skating rink at Lewis Field. Further north 5 to 12 inches of snow fell across parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin. Local amounts included: Ontario, WI: 11 inches, Hokah, MN: 8 inches and Austin, MN: 6 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 Showers produced heavy rain in the northeastern U.S. Up to three inches of rain drenched the Brandywine Creek Basin of Pennsylvania, and rainfall totals in Vermont ranged up to two inches at Dorsett. Snow fell heavily across Upper Michigan as gale force winds prevailed over Lake Superior. A storm moving into the northwestern U.S. produced gale force winds along the northern and central Pacific coast. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 Snow in the Upper Great Lakes Region pushed the precipitation total for the month at Marquette MI past their previous November record of 7.67 inches. Santa Anna winds in southern California gusted to 75 mph at Laguna Peak. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 121 tornadoes occurred in the U.S. for the month to set a new all-time November record for the number of tornadoes until 1992. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1989 Squalls produced heavy snow in the Lower Great Lakes Region, with 15 inches reported at Chaffee, NY and at Barnes Corners, NY. Tropical Storm Karen drenched parts of Cuba with heavy rain. Punta Del Este reported fourteen inches of rain in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991 The total snowfall for Minneapolis/St Paul, MN for this month was 46.9 inches, making November 1991 the snowiest November on record. The old record was 30.4 inches set in 1983. The 46.9 inches for the month broke an even bigger record as this total was the greatest monthly snowfall of any month. The old all-time monthly snowfall record was 46.4 inches for January 1982. To put this in perspective, the total snowfall for the season so far, since October, was 55.1 inches. The normal total for the entire winter season is 49.2 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1992 The 1988 record didn't last long as 146 tornadoes were reported across the U.S. to set a new November record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1996 A winter storm dumped 4 to 10 inches of snow over northwest Oklahoma. The next day, skies were sunny, and temperatures across most of the state warmed up into the lower 50s. However, temperatures across the snow covered areas only warmed into the upper 30s. Butler reached 52, while 27 miles to the northwest, Putnam struggled to reach 39. This is a typical example of how the effects of snow cover can result in drastic temperature differences over short distances. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1997 The 1997 Atlantic Hurricane Season will be remembered for its lack of tropical cyclone activity. After the record setting years of 1995 and 1996, a very strong El Nino suppressed development over the Atlantic. Only 7 tropical storms formed and only 4 of those became hurricanes. Some other notable occurrences from the 1997 Season: No tropical storms or hurricanes occurred in August for the first time since 1961. Only one named storm occurred during the August-September time frame, the first time since 1929, Only Erika reached category 3. Only Danny and Erika lasted more than 5 days. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2001 Buffalo, NY closed the month of November without any snow falling during the month. This marked the first time in 122 years of weather records that no snow had fallen at all in the month of November. Buffalo averages over 10 inches of snow in November and had recorded over 46 inches in November 2000. Central Park in New York City recorded its warmest November on record. The average temperature for the month was 52.7°. The old record was 52.5° set in 1979. Rochester, MN received 0.4 inches of snow. This was the latest first occurrence of measurable snow in Rochester. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005 The official 2005 hurricane season ended with the emergence of Tropical Storm Epsilon, the 26th named storm of the busiest hurricane season on record. Epsilon threatened Bermuda with dangerous surf. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006 Widespread freezing rain and sleet affected many locations in central Illinois west of I-57, changing to snow overnight and into the morning of December 1st. Eight counties reported heavy sleet ranging in depth from a half to 2.2 inches. The heaviest snow occurred along and west of the Illinois River, where snow amounts were 8 to 18 inches. Areas east of the Illinois River, especially along the I-55 corridor, had snow amounts ranging from 3 to 8 inches on top of the ice and sleet. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009 The Richmond International Airport November rainfall was 9.60 inches and breaks the previous wettest November record of 7.64 inches set in 1959. (112 years of records) Richmond, Virginia Climate Extremes updated for 2010   Richmond, VA Records  2009 Year in Review page3   - See Precip. in the Table)